Chapter 1 - Cloud Computing Concepts, Models, and Terminology

Question 1

Set of IT-related services offered by a cloud provider

Answer 1

Cloud Service Models

Question 2

supply’s cloud-based IT resources to cloud consumer under a predefined and mutually agreed upon SLA
- administrative maintainable & management of the cloud infrastructure

Answer 2

Cloud Provider

Question 3

Entity that owns the cloud service

Answer 3

Cloud Service Owner

Question 4

Cloud consumer outsource responsibility for their infrastructure to an external cloud provider
“Pay-as-you-use” or “pay-as-you-grow”
Can include server storage, infrastructure, and the connectivity domains
- primarily for IT service providers

Answer 4

Infrastructure as a Service

IaaS

Question 5

Enables customers to deploy applications without assuming the capital and resource cost

• addition to infrastructure, also have access to both tools and programming languages that are required to create PaaS applications through their cloud provider via API (application programming interface)
• primarily used by developers

Answer 5

Platform as a Service

PaaS

Question 6

Take advantage of software delivery model that provides on-demand applications over the Internet

• hosted at cloud provider
• efficient method for organization to deploy line-of-business applications such as CRM(customer relationship management)
• used by end user

Answer 6

Software as a Service

SaaS

Question 7

Software specializing in the delivery of database operations

• offer database functionality to multiple, discrete cloud consumers
• self-service provisioning for customer of database instances
• monitoring of attributes and quality of service levels to ensure compliance with provider defined service agreement
• carefully measured usage of database services, enabling chargeback functionality for each individual cloud consumer
• support service elasticity, secure multitnancy, access using a wide range of devices, automated resources management, and capacity planning

Answer 7

Database as a Service

DBaaS

Question 8

Cloud provider to access VoIP, IM, PBX and video conferencing
- deploy communication service business needs without the cost of the hardware or having to manage the communications infrastructure

Answer 8

Communication as a Service

CaaS

Question 9

Combination of business process step execution monitoring with one of the primary cloud models: IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS

• evaluation of a set of businesses activities to provide feedback on the progress of the defined steps within that process
• System that handles the execution monitoring step is referred to s business process management system (BPMS)

Answer 9

Business Process as Service

BPaaS

Question 10

Delivery of IT as a service through hybrid cloud computing

• works with one or a combination of SaaS,IaaS,PaaS,CaaS,DBaaS,BPaaS.
• used to describe the distribution of different IT components within the cloud model

Answer 10

Anything as a Service

XaaS

Question 11

Accountability can be split between multiple parties, including cloud consumers, infrastructure providers and cloud providers
-SaaS cloud providers is responsible for maintaining the agreed upon service levels between the cloud provider and cloud consumer and for security, compliance and liability expectations
PaaS / IaaS the cloud consumer responsible for managing the same expectations while cloud provider takes some of the responsibility for securing he underlying infrastructure
Service model. Cloud provider. Cloud consumers
Responsibility. Responsibility
————– ————– ————–SaaS. ✅
PaaS. ✅
IaaS. ✅
————————————————–Cloud Model. Used By
SaaS. | End User
PaaS | Developers
IaaS | Administrators

Answer 11

Accountability and Responsibility by service modeling

Question 12

Owned by a single organization and enables them to centrally access IT resources from a variety of locations, departments, and staff

• Implemented by corporate firewall and is maintained by the local IT department
• utilize internal resources and is design to offer the same benefits of public cloud without relinquishing control, security, and recurring costs to cloud provider
• both cloud consumer and cloud provider
• driven to implement by maintaining control of environment because of regulatory or business reasons
• combination of virtualization, data center automation, chargeback metering, and identity based security
• Downside organization does not get the return on investment it does with other cloud us models

Answer 12

Private Cloud

Question 13

Pool of computing services that are delivered over the Internet via a cloud provider

• “pay-as-you-go” model
• allow for easy and inexpensive setup because the hardware, application, and bandwidth costs are covered and maintained by cloud provider and charged as part of the service agreement
• SaaS, PaaS and IaaS can be part of cloud
• ultimate scalability because cloud resources are available on demand from the cloud provider’s vast pool of resources
• via web so location is independent

Answer 13

Public Cloud

Question 14

Utilizes both private and public clouds to perform distinct functions within same organization

• organization continues to provide and manage some resources internally while other resources are provided externally by a cloud provider
• take advantage of the scalability Ned cost-effectiveness of a public cloud without exposing mission-critical data to a public cloud provider
• not consider a hybrid if organization uses multiple SaaS Applications and moves that applications data between a private cloud or an internal data center

Answer 14

Hybrid Cloud

Question 15

Community Cloud

Answer 15

Infrastructure is shared between several organizations from a specific group with common computing needs or objectives

• Built for and operated for specifically for a targeted group who have common cloud requirements and whose ultimate goal is to work together to achieve a specific business objectives
• usually implemented for organization working on joint projects that require a central cloud for managing and executing those projects
• Provides a segregated approach to cloud computing for increase security
• it can be scoped to a specific group

Question 16

On-premise hosting

Answer 16

Traditional way of managing a data center

• Virtual servers onsite
• Benefit is organization has complete control over daily management and maintenance of the servers
• downside pay cost of maintaining internal data center

Question 17

Off-premise hosting (cloud computing)

Answer 17

IT resources are hosted in the cloud and accessed online

• used for server virtualization or applications to be hosted in the cloud
• cost is usually lower pay as you go model
• perceived as less secure or as having higher security risk since the organization loses control of their data because it is hosted in the cloud

Question 18

Why Cloud Computing

Answer 18

• increase capacity
• add resources as necessary without having to invest in infrastructure
• enables business to expand their business as they grow

Question 19

Orchestration Platforms

Answer 19

Provide an automated way to manage the cloud or computing environment
- helps meet the requirements through automated workflows, provisions, and change management

Question 20

Cloud characteristics and terms

Answer 20

Organization needs to understand the terminology of cloud computing and the characteristics of remote provision of a scalable and measured IT resources
- IT administrator as a cloud provider to assess these characteristics and measure the value offering of the chosen cloud platform

Question 21

Elasticity

Answer 21

Unlimited space that allows the organization to dynamically provision and de-provision processing, memory, and storage resources to meet the demands of their network

• allows data to be more synchronized and avoiding over provisioning of hardware
• ability to increase the workload on its current and additional hardware resources

Question 22

Demand-driven service

Answer 22

Users have access to cloud services through an online portal

• provision cloud resources on demand wherever and whenever they need to
• “just-in-time” self-service allows cloud consumers to acquire computing resources automatically and on demand without human interaction from cloud provider

Question 23

Pay as you grow

Answer 23

Does not require a large upfront investment

Question 24

Chargeback

Answer 24

Account strategy that attempts to decentralize the cost of IT services and apply them directly to the teams or divisions that utilize those services
Also known as “show back”

Question 25

Ubiquitous access

Answer 25

A cloud provider’s capabilities are available over the network and can be accessed through standard mechanism by both thick and thin client
- does not necessarily mean Internet access

Question 26

Metering

Answer 26

Ability of a cloud platform to track the use of IT resources
- geared primary toward measuring usage by cloud consumers
- allows to charge for actual resources being used
- tied to on-demand or demand- driven cloud usage
-

Question 27

Multitenancy

Answer 27

Architecture that provides a single instance application to serve multiple clients or tenants

• ensure that tenants do not have access to change data and configuration of. Application
• allowed to change user interface to give the application their own look and feel
• SaaS provider can run an instance of its application on a cloud database and provide web access to multiple customers

Question 28

Cloud bursting

Answer 28

Concept of running an application on the organization internal computing resources or private cloud and “ bursting” that application into a public cloud on demand when they run out of resources on their internal private cloud

• recommended for high-performance, no critical applications that have no sensitive data
• take into consideration security and regulatory compliance requirements

Question 29

Object storage concepts

Answer 29

Develop to help provide a solution to ever-growing data storage needs that have accompanied the IT explosion since the late twentieth century

• acts as a counterpart to block-based storage, allowing large sets of files to be grouped together and to move the processing power for those files away from the server and workstations CPU’s and closer to the storage itself
• assist with implementation of features as fine grained security policies, space management, and data abstraction

Question 30

Object ID

Answer 30

• objective storage device(OSD) interface regimes some way to find out how to address the data it contains
  -individual pieces of data that are stored in a cloud storage system
• composed of parts:
  Object data component - file that is stored in the cloud storage system
  Object metadata component - collection of values that describe object qualities

Question 31

Metadata

Answer 31

Extensible set of attributes that is either implemented by OSD directly for some of the more common attributes or interpreted by higher-level storage system that the OSD uses for its persistent storage

Question 32

Data BLOB

Answer 32

Binary large object (BLOB)

• collected set of binary data that is stored as a single, discrete entity in a database management system
• Copy large amounts of data between databases with significantly reduced risk of error correction or data filtering

Question 33

Policies

Answer 33

Similar to metadata in they are attributes associated with object.
- difference is that policy tags contain information that is associated with particular security mechanism

Question 34

Replicas

Answer 34

Essentially copies of one large set of data, often associated with virtual hard drive or virtual machine

• increase availability
• reduce risk associated with keeping a large amount of data in one location
• good candidates for object-based storage
  - large datasets that require a copying mechanism that can run efficiently without requiring expensive error correction or filtering
  - do not affect user performance SLAs if they are faced with I/O latency, which is often associated with object based