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Child Psychology > Chapter 1 Child Psych > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Child Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

Infancy to puberty

A

Childhood

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2
Q

The first two years of life

A

Infancy

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3
Q

Early childhood

A

2-5

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4
Q

Middle childhood

A

6-12

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5
Q

Adolescence

A

13-20

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6
Q

Changes in type or kind , development

A

Qualitative

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7
Q

Changes in amount , growth

A

Quantitative changes

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8
Q

Children were thought to be innately evil and miniature adults in

A

Medieval time

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9
Q

Who said a child is born tabula rasa, a blank state , to be shaped by experience

A

Locke

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10
Q

Who said children are naturally good and will express nature if allowed

A

Rousseau

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11
Q

Baby biography

A

Darwin

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12
Q

Growth refers to what changes

A

Physical

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13
Q

Development refers to what changes

A

Mental

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14
Q

Behaviorism, learning, nurture

A

John Watson

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15
Q

Biological maturation , nature

A

Gesellschaft

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16
Q

The part that is unconscious , contains all the urges and impulses

A

Id

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17
Q

Conscious personality, the person is aware

A

Ego

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18
Q

Superego

A

Self criticism

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19
Q

Freud stage- sucking , early weaning or breastfed too long

A

Oral stage

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20
Q

Oral stage fixation

A

Nail biting , smoking

21
Q

Freud stage- control and elimination of waste, excessively strict or permissive toilet training

A

Anal stage

22
Q

Anal stage fixation

A

Anal retentive (neatness) anal expulsion (sloppiness)

23
Q

Freud stage- parent child conflict over masturbation , view same sex parent rival

A

Phallic stage

24
Q

Sexual feelings remain unconscious

A

Latency stage

25
Q

Begins at adolescence, sexual gratification Freud

A

Genital stage

26
Q

Observable behaviors only

A

Behaviorism

27
Q

Neural stimulus repeatedly paired with second stimulus

A

Simple learning

28
Q

Who talked about reinforcement

A

Skinner

29
Q

The simple form of learning in which an originally neutral stimulus comes to bring forth , the response is brought fourth by a second stimulus

A

Classical conditioning

30
Q

Skinner distinguished between

A

Positive and negative reinforcements

31
Q

Increase the frequency of behaviors when they are applied

A

Positive reinforcers

32
Q

Increase the frequency of behaviors when they are removed

A

Negative reinforcements

33
Q

Bandura Social cognitive theory

A

Much of children’s learning also occurs by observing parents, teachers, other children, and characters in the media. Learn through observation
Cognition plays a central role

34
Q

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive developmental theory

A

Schemes, adaptation, assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration

35
Q

Piaget defines what as a pattern of action or a mental structure that is involved in acquiring or organizing knowledge

A

Scheme

36
Q

Piaget defines what which reflects the interaction between the organism and the environment . All organisms adapt to their environment, natural biological tendency, assimilation and accommodation, interaction between child and environment

A

Adaptation

37
Q

Piaget- responding to a new object or event according to existing schemes

A

Assimilation

38
Q

Piagets four main stages of cognitive development

A

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

39
Q

Focus on two way interactions between parent and child , not just maturational or child rearing approaches

A

Bronfenbrenner

40
Q

5 embedded systems - ecological systems theory of child development

A

Microsystem, mesosystem, ecosystem, macro system, chronosystem

41
Q

What system is family, school, health services, neighborhood playground

A

Microsystem

42
Q

System with extended family and neighbors

A

Exosystem

43
Q

System that deals with attitudes and ideologies of the culture

A

Macrosystem

44
Q

System that deals with environmental changes that occur over time

A

Chronosystem

45
Q

Views that children are social beings who are influenced by the cultures in which they live

A

Sociocultural perspective VYGOTSKY

46
Q

In Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, this zone includes a range of tasks a child can perform with the help of someone more skilled , use conversations

A

Zone of proximal development

47
Q

Vygotsky’s Term that is when adult provides problem solving methods until a child can perform independently

A

Scaffolding

48
Q

Nature =

A

Heredity

Child Psychology (2 decks)

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