Chapter 1 Chemistry Flashcards
What theory of the atom did Democrites propose?
He proposed the idea of an uncuttable atom
What theory of the atom did Dalton propose?
All matter is made of tiny particles called atoms
Atoms of each element are unique and unlike atoms
of any other element
Atoms of 2 or more elements can combine in constant
ratios to form new substance (law of definite
proportions)
J.J Thomson Model?
Plum pudding using cathode ray tube, thought the electrons were scattered throughout because some of the negatively charged particles would collide
Rotherford theory?
Each atom has a dense nucleus which deflects alpha particles
List the general timeline of the theories
Dalton’s, Thomson’s, Rotherfords
What is the atomic notation for carbon 14
14/6 C 8 neutrons, 6 elections
What are radioisotopes?
Isotopes that emit more radiation, this is due to the irregular amount of neutrons which is caused by the repulsion of protons and neutrons.
What is the atomic radius?
Distance from the nucleas to just beyond the valence electrons
Trend going from top right to bottom left (increasing)
Decreases going from left - right
Increases going up - down
What is ionization Energy?
The amount of energy required to remove 1 valence electron
moving down a group = decrease
Moving to the right = increase
Moving up and to the right (general increase)
What is electron affinity?
The energy change (ABSORBED or RELEASED) that
occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom in
a gaseous state (aka gained an electron)
Moving down = decrease
Moving right = increase
General trend up and to the right(increase)
What is electronegativity?
An indicator of the relative ability of an atom to attract
shared electrons
Moving down= decreases
moving right = Increases
general trend up and to the right (increase)
