Chapter 1 - Chemical Bonding Flashcards
How are ionic compounds formed
When metallic elements react with non-metallic elements
How do the metal atoms form positive ions
They lose electrons
How do non-metals form negative ions
They gain electrons
Why does ionic bonding take place
Because the oppositely charged ions attract each other
What is covalent bonding
When atoms of non-metallic elements join together by sharing electrons
Why are the ions in ionic bonding held firmly in place
Strong electrostatic forces act upon them
The ions in ionic bonding form a giant structure or…
Lattice
The charges of calcium ions and chloride ions are:
Ca2+ and Cl-
What is the formula of calcium chloride
CacCl2
Draw a dot and cross diagram to represent the magnesium and oxygen atoms involved in forming ionic bonds
The magnesium atom loses two electrons and the oxygen atom gains two electrons
Why do the atoms of non-metals want to gain electrons
To achieve stable electronic structures
What is a covalent bond
A shared pair of electrons
Atoms of elements in group 7 need to gain one electron. What kind of covalent bond do they form
Single
Atoms of elements in group 5 need to gain 3 electrons. How many bonds do they form
Three bonds
How are the metals atoms held in place in their giant structure
The electrons in the outer shell delocalise and can move freely between atoms. This produces a lattice of positive ions in a sea of moving electrons. The delocalised electrons strongly attract the positive ions and hold the giant structure together
How are the atoms arranged in a metal
They are closely packed together and arranged in regular layers
