chapter 1 - characteristics and classification of living organisms

Question 1

*Define:

movement

Answer 1

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change in position or place.

Question 2

*Define:

respiration

Answer 2

the chemical reaction in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism.
most organisms require oxygen.

Question 3

*Define:

sensitivity

Answer 3

the ability to detect/ sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses.

Question 4

*Define:

growth

Answer 4

a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell size, cell number or both.

Question 5

*Define:

reproduction

Answer 5

the process that makes more of the same kind of organism.

Question 6

*Define:

excretion

Answer 6

the removal from organisms of waste products or metabolism, toxic materials and substances in excess of requirements.

Question 7

*Define:

nutrition

Answer 7

the taking in of materials for energy, growth and development.
plants require CO2 + water + light + ions.
animals need organic compounds + usually water.

Question 8

*Define:

species

Answer 8

a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.

Question 9

*How are organisms classified?

Answer 9

organisms can be classified into group by the features that they share.
they are classified in a way that allows them to be further divided into smaller, more specialized groups.

Question 10

*what is classification usually based on?

Answer 10

it is traditionally based on studies of morphology and anatomy.

Question 11

what is morphology?

Answer 11

study of the form or outer appearance.

Question 12

what is anatomy?

Answer 12

study of internal structure as revealed by dissection.

Question 13

*explain how our knowledge of DNA helps in classification?

Answer 13

sequences of bases in DNA and of amino acids in proteins are used as a more accurate means of classification.

Question 14

*Define:

binomial system

Answer 14

an international agreed system of naming in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of 2 parts showing it genus and species.
binomial means 2 names.

Question 15

*explain what is the aim of the classification system?

Answer 15

classification systems aim to reflect (make us understand) evolutionary relationships.

Question 16

*explain how organisms who share more recent ancestors will be more closely related than those who only share distant ancestors.

Answer 16

organisms who share more recent ancestors are more closely related because they have more similar DNA base sequences than those that share only a distant ancestor.

Question 17

what is meant by:

multicellular

Answer 17

an organism consisting of many cells.

Question 18

what is meant by:

unicellular

Answer 18

an organism consisting of one cell only.

Question 19

what is meant by:

eukaryotes

Answer 19

an organism whos cell have a “true nucleus”.

Question 20

what is meant by:

prokaryotes

Answer 20

an organism whos cells do not have a nucleus.

Question 21

what is meant by:

autotrophic

Answer 21

organisms that can make their own food.

Question 22

what is meant by:

heterotrophic

Answer 22

organisms that feed on organic substances made by other living things.

Question 23

*main features of the animal kingdom:

Answer 23

1- multicellular
2- eukaryotes
3- heterotrophic
4- their cells do not have cell walls or chloroplast.

Question 24

*main feature of the plant kingdom:

Answer 24

1- multicellular
2- eukaryotes
3- autotrophic
4- their cells have cell walls made of cellulose and chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.

Question 25

*main features of the animal kingdom:

Answer 25

1- multicellular
2- eukaryotes
3- heterotrophic
4- their cells do not have cell walls or chloroplast.
5- reproduce sexually

Question 26

*main feature of the prokaryote kingdom:

Answer 26

1- aka bacteria
2- unicellular
3- prokaryotes
4- some are autotrophic (blue-green algae), some are heterotrophic.
5- reproduce by binary fission.

Question 27

*main feature of the protoctists kingdom:

Answer 27

1- unicellular
2- eukaryotes
3- some are autotrophic (called protophyta), some are heterotrophic (called protozoa).

Question 28

what are the groups within the animal kingdom?

Answer 28

1- vertebrates: mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians.
2- invertebrates (arthropods): myriapods, insects, arachnids, crustaceans.