Chapter 1 - Characteristics and classification of living organisms Flashcards
Classification and characteristics of living organisms
What are the 7 life processes? or characteristics of living organisms
MRS GREN - Movement, respiration, sensitivity (irritability) , growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition
What is movement?
Organism can move all or part of itself ,moves in response to changes eg. To find food, prey or mate
What is respiration?
The breakdown of food in cells (mitochondria) to release energy, metabolic reactions and chemical reactions
What is sensitivity?
The ability to detect changes in their internal and external environments and respond to them
What is growth?
Increase in size, mass and complexity of an organism
What is reproduction?
Producing offspring to create more organisms of its kind
What is excretion?
Getting rid of waste products made by chemical reactions in cells eg. CO2
What is nutrition?
Organism takes in materials for development used for energy for growth and repair and health
What is classification?
The arrangement of living organisms into groups according to similarities and features
How are organisms classified?
They are classified by evolutionary relationships sorted by features in common. Found by physical characteristics and DNA base sequences
What has changed in the classification of living organisms over the years?
Organisms were classified by shape, form and structure. With advances in tech DNA sequencing is used. Allows DNA to be mapped and compared. Species with similar ancestors found easier.
Why is DNA sequencing more accurate?
Species in the same habitat may have similar physical characteristics therefore observation of physical characteristics is more inaccurate.
What system is used to name organisms? and how does it work?
The binomial system, uses Latin names and consists of two words. 1st refers to genus and the 2nd to its species. Homo Sapiens
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Plant, Animal, Fungi, Prokaryotes, Protoctists
Features of a cell? And what they do?
Cytoplasm - a jelly like substance in which reactions occur contains organelles such as nucleus and Ribosomes.
Cell membrane - a thin membrane that surrounds the cell and controls entry and exit of substances
DNA - genetic material contained in nucleus which codes for proteins
Ribosomes - site of protein synthesis
Enzymes - catalyse reactions such as respiration
What are the 5 vertebrates in the animal kingdom?
Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish
What are arthropods? How are they identified?
Arthropods are found in the animal kingdom and do not contain a backbone. They are identified through their exoskeleton and segmented body.
The plant kingdom is split into?
Flowing and non flowering plants.
There are two divisions of flowering plants, what are they?
Dicocotyledons and monocotyledons which are identified by their leaves
How do non flowering plants reproduce?
They reproduce through spores rather then by producing seeds such as ferns
How does the classification system work?
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Features and classification of flowering plants.
Leaf shape, Leaf veins, Cotlyedon and grouping of flower parts (eg. Threes)
Monocotyledons have long and narrow leaves, their veins are parallel and they contain one cotlyedon, flower parts are in three
Dicocotyledons have broad leaves, Leaf veins are branching, contains two cotlyedon and flower parts in fives
Features of an arthropod
Exoskeloton
Segmented body
Jointed limbs
What are the 4 classes of arthropods? And their features? legs, wings, antennae, body division, eyes
Insects - 3 pairs of legs, usually 2 pairs of wings, one pair antennae, body divided into thorax abdomen and head, a pair of compound eyes eg. Ant
Arachnids - 4 pairs of legs, body divided into thorax and abdomen, several pairs of simple eyes, chelicerae for biting and poisoning prey
Crustaceans - five or more pairs of legs, two pairs of antennae, body divided into cephalothorax and abdomen, Exoskeloton calcified, Compound eyes
Myriapods - ten or more pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, body not divided, simple eyes eg. Shongololo
