Chapter 1 - Characteristics and classification of living organisms

Question 1

What are the 7 life processes? or characteristics of living organisms

Answer 1

MRS GREN - Movement, respiration, sensitivity (irritability) , growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition

Question 2

What is movement?

Answer 2

Organism can move all or part of itself ,moves in response to changes eg. To find food, prey or mate

Question 3

What is respiration?

Answer 3

The breakdown of food in cells (mitochondria) to release energy, metabolic reactions and chemical reactions

Question 4

What is sensitivity?

Answer 4

The ability to detect changes in their internal and external environments and respond to them

Question 5

What is growth?

Answer 5

Increase in size, mass and complexity of an organism

Question 6

What is reproduction?

Answer 6

Producing offspring to create more organisms of its kind

Question 7

What is excretion?

Answer 7

Getting rid of waste products made by chemical reactions in cells eg. CO2

Question 8

What is nutrition?

Answer 8

Organism takes in materials for development used for energy for growth and repair and health

Question 9

What is classification?

Answer 9

The arrangement of living organisms into groups according to similarities and features

Question 10

How are organisms classified?

Answer 10

They are classified by evolutionary relationships sorted by features in common. Found by physical characteristics and DNA base sequences

Question 11

What has changed in the classification of living organisms over the years?

Answer 11

Organisms were classified by shape, form and structure. With advances in tech DNA sequencing is used. Allows DNA to be mapped and compared. Species with similar ancestors found easier.

Question 12

Why is DNA sequencing more accurate?

Answer 12

Species in the same habitat may have similar physical characteristics therefore observation of physical characteristics is more inaccurate.

Question 13

What system is used to name organisms? and how does it work?

Answer 13

The binomial system, uses Latin names and consists of two words. 1st refers to genus and the 2nd to its species. Homo Sapiens

Question 14

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 14

Plant, Animal, Fungi, Prokaryotes, Protoctists

Question 15

Features of a cell? And what they do?

Answer 15

Cytoplasm - a jelly like substance in which reactions occur contains organelles such as nucleus and Ribosomes.
Cell membrane - a thin membrane that surrounds the cell and controls entry and exit of substances
DNA - genetic material contained in nucleus which codes for proteins
Ribosomes - site of protein synthesis
Enzymes - catalyse reactions such as respiration

Question 16

What are the 5 vertebrates in the animal kingdom?

Answer 16

Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish

Question 17

What are arthropods? How are they identified?

Answer 17

Arthropods are found in the animal kingdom and do not contain a backbone. They are identified through their exoskeleton and segmented body.

Question 18

The plant kingdom is split into?

Answer 18

Flowing and non flowering plants.

Question 19

There are two divisions of flowering plants, what are they?

Answer 19

Dicocotyledons and monocotyledons which are identified by their leaves

Question 20

How do non flowering plants reproduce?

Answer 20

They reproduce through spores rather then by producing seeds such as ferns

Question 21

How does the classification system work?

Answer 21

Kingdom
Phylum 
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 22

Features and classification of flowering plants.

Leaf shape, Leaf veins, Cotlyedon and grouping of flower parts (eg. Threes)

Answer 22

Monocotyledons have long and narrow leaves, their veins are parallel and they contain one cotlyedon, flower parts are in three

Dicocotyledons have broad leaves, Leaf veins are branching, contains two cotlyedon and flower parts in fives

Question 23

Features of an arthropod

Answer 23

Exoskeloton
Segmented body
Jointed limbs

Question 24

What are the 4 classes of arthropods? And their features? legs, wings, antennae, body division, eyes

Answer 24

Insects - 3 pairs of legs, usually 2 pairs of wings, one pair antennae, body divided into thorax abdomen and head, a pair of compound eyes eg. Ant

Arachnids - 4 pairs of legs, body divided into thorax and abdomen, several pairs of simple eyes, chelicerae for biting and poisoning prey

Crustaceans - five or more pairs of legs, two pairs of antennae, body divided into cephalothorax and abdomen, Exoskeloton calcified, Compound eyes

Myriapods - ten or more pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, body not divided, simple eyes eg. Shongololo

Question 25

Name some other invertebrates and state some of their features

Answer 25

Annelids - elongated, cylindrical covered with mucus, segmented, mouth and anus, bristles eg, Earth worm

Nematodes - elongated, cylindrical, body pointed at both ends eg. Ascaris

Molluscs - Most have a shell, muscular foot, may have eyes on tentacles