Chapter 1 - Chapter 3 Flashcards
Penal System
Relating to, used for, or prescribing the punishers or offenders under the legal system.
Great Experiment of Social Control
Generation of Americans who witnessed the great expansion in government control ever undertaken by a democratic state.
Triple Whammy
Less probation, Longer Prison Terms, and Stricter post sentence supervision.
Corrections
The variety of programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management of people who have been accused of convicted of criminal offenses.
Social Control
Actions or practices, of individuals and institutions, designed to induce conformity with the norms and rules of society.
System
A complex, whole consisting of interdependent parts who actions are directed toward goals and are influenced by the environment within which they function.
Federalism
A system of government in which power and responsibilities are divided between a national governments and states government.
Street-Level Bureaucrats
Public service workers who interact directly with citizens in the course of their work, granting access to government programs and providing services within them.
Benefit of Clergy
The right to be tried in a ecclesiastical court, where punishments were less severe than those meted out by civil courts, given the religious focus on penance and salvation.
Galley Slavery
Forced rowing of large ships or galleys.
House of Correction
Detention facility that combined major elements if a workhouse, poorhouse, and penal industry by both disciplining individuals who were housed in the facility and setting them to work.
Transportation
The practice of transplanting individuals convicted of crimes from the community to another region or land, often a penal colony.
Hulks
Abandoned ships that the English converted to hold convicted people during a period of prison crowding between 1776 and 1790.
Corporal Punishment
Punishment inflicted on the convicted person’s body with whips or other devices that cause pain.
The Enlightenment, or Age of Reason
A cultural movement in England and France during the 1700s, when concepts of liberalism, rationality, equality, and individualism dominated social and political thinking.
