Chapter 1/Chapter 2

Question 1

How is chemistry studied? (4 ways)

Answer 1

Macroscopic World

Microscopic World

quantitative

qualitative

Question 2

What is an atom?

Answer 2

submicroscopic particles that constitute the fundamental building blocks of matter.

Question 3

What are molecules?

Answer 3

geometrical arrangements of atoms

Question 4

What is chemistry?

Answer 4

the study of matter and the changes it undergoes

Question 5

What are the steps to the scientific method? (5)

Answer 5

observations

research

hypothesis

experiments

theory

Question 6

What is a scientific law?

Answer 6

brief statement that summarizes pas t observations and predicts future ones

Question 7

law of conservation of mass

Answer 7

matter is neither created nor destroyed

Question 8

What is matter? what are two different ways to classify matter?

Answer 8

anything that takes up space and has mass

by state and by composition

Question 9

What is a pure substance? What are some examples?

Answer 9

Pure substance is made up of only one component and its composition does not vary.

helium, water, table salt, ice

Question 10

What is a mixture? What is an example.

Answer 10

A mixture is composed of two or more components that varies from one sample to another.

sweetened tea- the amount of sugar depends on the person. there is no set amount

gasoline

Question 11

What are two types of pure substances?

Answer 11

Elements and compounds

Question 12

What is an element?

Answer 12

substance that cannot be chemically broken down

Question 13

What is a compound? Example?

Answer 13

substance composed of two or more elements in a fixed, definite proportion

water

Question 14

What are two types of mixtures?

Answer 14

heterogeneous and homogeneous

Question 15

heterogeneous? Give an example.

Answer 15

composition varies from one region of the mixture to another

wet sand

Question 16

homogeneous? Give an example.

Answer 16

same composition throughout

sweetened tea

Question 17

What are four ways to separate mixtures?

Answer 17

decanting

distillation

volatile

filtration

Question 18

What happens in decanting?

Give an example.

Answer 18

separating the two composition by pouring one into another container

one can separate a mixture of sand and water by pouring water into another container

Question 19

What happens in distillation? Is this used for homogeneous mixtures of heterogeneous mixtures?

Answer 19

a process in which the mixture is heated to boil off the more easily vaporizable liquid

homogeneous

Question 20

what is volatile?

Answer 20

a liquid that can vaporizes easily

Question 21

What happens in filtration?

Answer 21

mixture is poured through filter paper in a funnel.

Question 22

What is a physical change? example?

Answer 22

change from one state to another. the composition does not change.

sugar dissolving
color 
gas at room temp
odor
boiling point

Question 23

what is a chemical change? example?

Answer 23

changes that alter the composition of matter

rusting iron
dry ice subliming
decomposing
very reactive

Question 24

what is energy?

Answer 24

capacity to do work

Question 25

what is work?

Answer 25

action of a force through a distance

when you push a box

Question 26

law of conservation of energy

Answer 26

energy is neither created nor destroyed

Question 27

when talking about temperature how do you go from Celsius to K?

Answer 27

celsius + 273

Question 28

What is intensive property? Example?

Answer 28

one that is independent of the amount of substance

density
color
melting point

Question 29

What is extensive property? example?

Answer 29

one that depends on the amount of the substance.

mass
volume

Question 30

what is the difference between accuracy and precision?

Answer 30

accuracy-how close the measured value is to the actual value

precision-how close a series of measurements are to one another or how reproducible they are

Question 31

law of definite proportion

Answer 31

all samples of a given compound, regardless of their source or how they were prepared, have the same proportions of their constituent elements.

Question 32

law of multiple proportions

Answer 32

when two elements (call them A and B) form two different compounds, the masses of element B that combine with 1g of element A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers

Question 33

what is atomic theory?

Answer 33

each element is composed of tiny indestructible particles called atoms

all atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties that distinguish them from the atoms of other elements

Question 34

Cathode rays (JJ Thomson)

Answer 34

discovered the electron

Question 35

+++Millikan’s oil drop

Answer 35

found charge of an electron

Question 36

Gold foil experiment

Answer 36

discovered the nucleus

Question 37

What is a mass spectrometry?

Answer 37

technique that separates particles according to their mass

Question 38

whats avogadro’s number

Answer 38

6.022x10^23

Question 39

Whats the difference between a law and a theory?

Answer 39

laws are always true under same condition

theories explain facts and are consistent with experimental observations

Question 40

which of the following is heterogeneous?

tap water, coffee, ice, chicken soup, hydrogen peroxide

Answer 40

chicken soup

Question 41

difference between mass and weight?

Answer 41

mass measures the quantity of matter

weight is a force that gravity exerts on an object

Question 42

state the reactivity level of each of the following groups.

Also, state where the groups are located

Answer 42

alkali metal-very reactive

alkaline earth metal-fairly unreactive

halogen-very reactive

noble gas-mostly unreactive

Question 43

how are ions formed?

Answer 43

from the gain or loss of electrons

Question 44

which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of the atom?

Answer 44

protons and neutrons

Question 45

What is stoichiometry?

Answer 45

The quantitative study of reactants and products in a chemical reaction