Chapter 1: Cellular Structure and Function

Question 1

List the characteristics of life

Answer 1

M - Movement
R - Respiration
S - Stimuli
G - Growth
R - Reproduction
E - Excretion of waste
N - Nutrition
D - DNA

Question 2

State the three tenets of cell theory

Answer 2

1. All organisms are composed of cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 3

Identify the characteristics of prokaryotic cells and give some examples

Answer 3

• No membrane bound organelles
• No nucleus
• No cell wall
• Small and simple structure
• All unicellular

Question 4

Identify the characteristics of eukaryotic cells and give some examples

Answer 4

• Membrane bound organelles
• Has a nucleus
• Cell wall (plants only)
• Larger and complex structure
• Can be unicellular or multicellular

Question 5

Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 5

• cells can be determined whether or not they have membrane bound organelles

Question 6

Describe the relationship between surface area to volume ratio

Answer 6

As cells increase in size, the continued decrease in SA: V ratio

Question 7

State the link between SA:V and the movement of substances into and out of a cell

Answer 7

The higher the surface area to volume ratio the greater efficiency of the two way exchange of materials across the plasma membrane - needed substances comes in,
waste removed

Question 8

Explain the link between SA:V and the limitation of cell size

Answer 8

The lower the surface area to volume ratio the less efficient the exchange of materials across the plasma membrane and if the exchange cannot occur fast enough the cull must divide or die

Question 9

Why do cells have internal compartments?

Answer 9

Cells have internal compartments in order to carry out specific functions

Question 10

What do all cells have in common?

Answer 10

1. DNA
2. Plasma membrane
3. Cytoplasm
4. Ribosome

Question 11

List some organelles

Answer 11

• Ribosomes
• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• Lysosome
• Peroxisome
• Cytoskeleton
• Centriole
• Cytoplasm
• Cytosol
• Chloroplasts
• Chlorophyll
• Vacuole
• Cell wall
• Plasma membrane
• Cilia and flagella

Question 12

Describe the function of ribosomes and what type of cell they are in.

Answer 12

Ribosomes are found in all cells and is the site of protein synthesis using the DNA from the nucleus