Chapter 1 - Cells and Organisation Flashcards
How do light microscopes work?
They use a beam of light to form an image of an object and can best magnify around 2000 times.
How do electron microscopes work?
They use a beam of electrons to form an image of an object (usually a cell) and can best magnify around 2,000,000 times.
What’s the equation for magnification?
Magnification= size of image/size of real object
Name the 5 organelles of an animal cell
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
- ribosomes
What’s a ‘nucleus’
It controls all the activities of the cell and contains the genes on the chromosomes carrying instructions for the cell.
What’s ‘cytoplasm’
A liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended and where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place.
What’s a ‘cell membrane’
Controls the passage/movement of substances in and out of the cell (hormones or urea)
What’s ‘mitochondria’
Organelles in the cytoplasm where aerobic respiration takes place.
What’s a ‘ribosome’
Where protein synthesis takes lace, making all the proteins needed in the cell.
What’s ‘chloroplast’
The organelle in which photosynthesis takes place.
What’s ‘chlorophyll’
The green pigment contained in chloroplasts.
Name the 8 organelles of a plant cell
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- cell membrane
- mitochondria
- ribosomes
- cell wall
- chloroplast (+chlorophyll)
- vacuole
What’s a ‘vacuole’
A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap. This is important for keeping the cells rigid to support the plant.
What’s a ‘cell wall’
The rigid structure around plant cells. It is made of cellulose and strengthens the cell.
What’s a eukaryotic cell?
Cells from eukaryotes that have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.
