chapter 1: cells

Question 1

eukaryotic

Answer 1

cells that have a nucleus, complex organelles

Question 2

prokaryotic

Answer 2

cells that do not have a nucleus, have very little simple organelles and are much smaller

Question 3

organelle

Answer 3

a structure within a cell which has a specialised function that has a role in the life process of the cell

Question 4

nucleus

Answer 4

control the activity of the cell, contain DNA information

Question 5

nucleolus

Answer 5

makes ribosome, single membrane

Question 6

nuclear envelope

Answer 6

double membrane, has pores

Question 7

chromatin

Answer 7

uncoiled chromosomes, holds genetic material

Question 8

mitochondria

Answer 8

envelope, the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production

Question 9

cristae

Answer 9

the inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 10

matrix

Answer 10

the central part of mitochondria

Question 11

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

a series of flattened membrane and sacs

Question 12

cisternae

Answer 12

flattened membrane and sacs which creates the ER

Question 13

rough ER

Answer 13

has ribosomes on the outside, site of protein synthesis and the transportation of protein

Question 14

smooth ER

Answer 14

involved in making lipids and steroids, does not have ribosomes

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

stack of membrane bound flattened sacs, received protein molecules from the ER and modifies them by adding sugar, proteins are then packed into vesicles and transported

Question 16

lysosomes

Answer 16

spherical sacs surrounded by a membrane, contains powerful enzymes to digest materials

Question 17

chloroplast

Answer 17

envelope, found in thylakoids, the site of photosynthesis

Question 18

centrioles

Answer 18

small tubes of microtubules, involved in cell division

Question 19

ribosomes

Answer 19

the site of protein synthesis

Question 20

vacuole

Answer 20

cell stability, contain cell sap

Question 21

tonoplast

Answer 21

membrane around the vacuole