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BIOL 2020 > Chapter 1: Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Cells Flashcards

1
Q

all living things are made from

A

cells

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2
Q

cells

A

smallest unit of life, small membrane enclosed units, can create copies of themselves by growth and division

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3
Q

how do cells differ

A

size
shape
function
chemical requirements

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4
Q

every cell has

A

DNA, plasma membrane and a mechanism for making proteins

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5
Q

DNA

A

made of nucleotides, genetic information

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6
Q

RNA

A

transcribed from DNA, then translated to form proteins

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7
Q

central dogma of biology

A

DNA–> RNA–> Proteins

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8
Q

endosymbiont hypothesis

A

every cell cam from the same ancestor cell

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9
Q

genome

A

entire sequence of nucleotides, programs the cell with how to behave

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10
Q

what invention led to the discovery of cells

A

the light microscope

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11
Q

eukaryotes

A

have a nucleus, have membrane enclosed organelles, can live in multicellular organisms or on their own

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12
Q

prokaryotes

A

no nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles, small, many different shapes, very fast division

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13
Q

examples of prokaryotic cells

A

bacteria and archea

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14
Q

nucleus

A

hold genetic information, has two membranes, pores

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15
Q

mitochondria

A

generates energy from food molecules (cellular respiration),
thought to have evolved from engulfed bacteria cell,
contains its own DNA,
2 membranes,
can divide on its own

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16
Q

chloroplasts

A

only found in plant cells, where photosynthesis occurs, have their own DNA

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17
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

materials that are to be exported are made here

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18
Q

rough ER

A

has ribosomes makes proteins

19
Q

smooth ER

A

does not have ribosomes, synthesizes lipids and detoxifies chemicals

20
Q

golgi bodies

A

modifies the products produced by the ER, sends products out after

21
Q

lysozymes

A

digest and break down materials in the cell, has digestive enzymes

22
Q

cytoskeleton

A

directs cells movement, made of protein fillaments

23
Q

what are the types of protein filaments

A

actin
microtubules
intermediate

24
Q

actin fillaments

A
25
Q

microtubule filaments

A

help with DNA replication and divison,
hollow

26
Q

intermediate fillaments

A
27
Q

characteristics of life

A

cellular respiration
reproduction
metabolism
homeostasis
heredity
response to stimuli
growth and development
adaptation thru evolution

28
Q

what do organelles allow for

A

specialization and coordinated functions

29
Q

ribosomes

A

combination of proteins and RNA

30
Q

plasma cells have alot of ribosomes because

A

they produce antibodies

31
Q

free ribosomes

A

all ribosomes start out free, makes proteins in the cytoplasm

32
Q

why are digestive enzymes only in lysozymes

A

because they only function at acidic pH values

33
Q

peroxisome

A

creates hydrogen-peroxide and houses anything that needs hydrogen peroxide bc it can kill the cell

34
Q

vesicles

A

transport and storage

35
Q

cytoplasm

A

hold organelles in place, liquid portion (cytosol)

36
Q

why would adipocyte cells have more smooth ER than an Insulin secreting cells

A

because they synthesises lipids

37
Q

insulin producing cells

A

produces more ribosomes so they would have more rough ER

38
Q

endomembrane system

A

system of organelles that allow for the production, transport and modification of proteins

39
Q

what is involved in every metabolic pathway of a cell

A

proteins

40
Q

phospholipid bilyaer

A

every membrane in a cell
hydrophobic tails
hydrophillic heads

41
Q

Endomembrane system steps

A
  1. RNA leaves nucleus and goes to ribosomes
  2. ribosomes make a protein that is inserted into the ER lumen
  3. buds off in a vesicle and goes to golgi body
42
Q

cis face

A

part of the golgi body that faces the ER

43
Q

trans face

A

part of the golgi body that faces away from the ER

44
Q

types of vesicles

A

secretory, transport, storage

BIOL 2020 (2 decks)

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