Chapter 1: Cell structure Flashcards
Magnification definition
the number of times larger the drawing is when compared with the actual size of the specimen
Magnification equation
Size of drawing / size of specimen
Resolution definition
The shortest distance between two points that can be distinguished as being separate
Cell surface membrane structure and function
- composed of phospholipids and protein
- partially permeable
- controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell; allows cells to interact with each other and to respond to signals from outside the cell
Nucleus structure and function
Contains the hereditary material (DNA) coding for the synthesis of proteins in the cytoplasm
-surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope
Nucleolus structure and function
Synthesises ribosoma RNA and makes ribosomes
Rough ER structure and function
‘Rough’ because covered with ribosomes; membranes enclose compartments that transport proteins synthesised on the ribosome
Smooth ER
- Similar to the rough ER but no ribosomes
- synthesises and transports lipid molecules
Golgi body structure and function
- Synthesises glycoproteins (proteins with carbohydrate groups attatched)
- packages proteins to export from the cell
Mitochondria structure and function
Produce ATP by aerobic respiration
Ribosomes structure and function
Site of protein synthesis
Lysosomes structure and function
Digests unwanted materials and worn-out organelles
Microtubules structure and function
- Along with thinner protein filaments form the cytoskeleton
- involved in movement of organelles
Centrioles structure and function
- hollow cylinders containing a ring of microtubules arranged at right angles
- the centrosome is a microtubule organising centre and is involved with the formation of the spindle during nuclear division
average diameter of prokaryote cell
0.5-5 um
