Chapter 1, Cell Functions and Components

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

• The set of chemical reactions that use energy from food to build substances the cell needs.

Question 2

Two Types of Metabolism

Answer 2

• Catabolism
  • The breakdown of organic matter to obtain energy the cells need.
• Anabolism
  • Uses energy to construct components such as proteins and nucleic acids.

Question 3

Reproduction

Answer 3

• The production of offspring through asexual or sexual means.

Question 4

Cell Division

Answer 4

• Reproduction process by which the parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Question 5

Cell Membrane (or) Plasma Membrane

Answer 5

• Separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
• Semipermeable
• Regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

• DNA Storage

Question 7

Mitochondrion

Answer 7

• Site of Cell Metabolism
• Converts energy(ATP) into a form the cell can use.

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

• The jelly-like liquid that fills the inside of a cell
• Composed of water, salts, and various organic molecules.

Question 9

Ribosome

Answer 9

• The site of protein synthesis in the cell.
• A complex molecule made of ribosomal RNA molecules and proteins that form a factory for protein synthesis in cells.

Question 10

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 10

• Is responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations.

Question 11

Vesicles

Answer 11

• A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid.

Question 12

Lysosome

Answer 12

• A membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.
• Breaks down excess or worn-out cell parts.
• May be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.

Question 13

Chloroplast

Answer 13

• Plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process.

Question 14

Organelles

Answer 14

• Specialized structures that perform various jobs inside cells
• Serve specific functions to keep a cell alive

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

• An area inside the nucleus of a cell that is made up of RNA and proteins and is where ribosomes are made.

Question 16

DNA

Answer 16

• Deoxyribonucleic acid
• Is responsible for storing and transferring genetic information.

Question 17

RNA

Answer 17

• Ribonucleic acid
• Directly codes for amino acids and acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes to make proteins.

Question 18

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 18

• A double membrane layer that separates the contents of the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

Question 19

Enzymes

Answer 19

• Proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies
• All living things have enzymes. Our bodies naturally produce enzymes.
• There are approximately 1300 different enzymes found in the human cell.
• All enzymes are proteins but all proteins are not enzymes.