Chapter 1 - Cell Biology Flashcards
What are cell walls made of?
Cellulose
What does the cell wall do?
It strengthens the cell
What does the nucleus do?
It controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material
What does the cytoplasm do?
Most of the chemical reactions take place here
What does the cell membrane do?
It controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell
What does the mitochondria do?
It’s where aerobic respiration takes place
What does the ribosomes do?
It’s where the proteins are synthesised
What does the permanent vacuole do?
It supports the plant
What is the permanent vacuole filled with?
Cell sap
Why do some plant cells contain chloroplasts?
Plants need to make their own food
What do chloroplasts do?
They absorb light to make glucose by photosynthesis
What type of cells are eukaryotic?
Plant, animal and fungal cells
What cells are prokaryotic?
Bacterial cells
Name one difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- prokaryotic cells are much smaller in size
- prokaryotic cells dont have genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
- prokaryotic cells dont contain mitochondria or chloroplasts
- prokaryotic cells’ genetic material is a single DNA loop and there may be one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids
What takes over the roles of the mitochondria and chloroplasts in bacterial cells?
The cytoplasm
What does the flagella do?
It’s a tail-like structure that rotates to help some bacteria move
What do plasmids do?
They allow bacterial cells to move genes from one cell to another
What does the flagella do?
It’s tail like structure rotates to help some bacteria move
What is Chromosomal DNA?
This is where the DNA of the bacteria is usually found, it’s normally found as a long looped chromosome
What size is a typical plant cell?
0.1mm in diameter
What size is a typical animal cell?
0.02mm in diameter
What size are prokaryotic cells?
About 0.002mm long
