Chapter 1 : Cell Biology Flashcards
Name 3 types of eukaryotic cells?
plants, animals, fungi
What type of cell is bacteria?
prokaryotic cell
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls the activity of the cell, contains genetic material.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what substances enters and leaves the cell
What is the function of mitochondria?
Where aerobic respiration takes place
What is the function of Cytoplasm?
Where most chemical reactions take place
What is the function of ribosomes?
site of protein synthesis
What is the function of a Cell wall?
Made of cellulose, Which will strengthen the cell
What is the function of a permanent vacuole?
Filled with cell sap, Which supports the plant
What is the function of Chloroplasts?
Contains chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
What are the features of a bacteria cell?
Cell wall, Cytoplasm, Flagella, Loop of DNA and plasmids
What are plasmids?
small rings of DNA
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
- Prokaryotic cells are smaller.
- Prokaryotic cells don’t have there genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.
- Prokaryotic cells don’t contain mitochondria or chloroplasts.
What is the size of a plant cell?
0.1 millimetres in diameter
What is the size of an animal cell?
0.02 millimetre in diameter
What are the differences between a light microscope and an electron microscope?
- Light microscopes have a lower magnification
- Light microscopes have a lower resolution
- Light microscopes are cheaper
- Light microscopes only identifies larger sub-cellular structures
What is the equation for magnification?
Magnification = size of image / size of real object
Required practical microscopes
- Place the slide on stage
- Select the lowest power magnification
- Turn the coarse focusing dial so the stage almost touches the lens
- Slowly turn the coarse focusing dial until the cells come into focus
- Use the fine focusing dial to get a clearer image.
What is mitosis?
Cell division that makes new cells for growth and repair. The division of one cell into two genetically identical daughter cells.
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell that can differentiate to become any type of specialised cell.
What does differentiation mean?
Differentiation is the process where a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
What are the 3 types of stem cells?
-Embryonic stem cells, stem cells from a human embryo.
-Adult stem cells, Stem cells from organs and tissue.
Meristem tissue, Used to make new cells for growth.
What are the uses of stem cells?
- Bone marrow transplant
- Therapeutic cloning
What is therapeutic cloning?
In therapeutic cloning, an embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient. Stem cells from the embryo are not rejected by the patient’s body so they may be used for medical treatment.
