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AQA GCSE Combined Science: Biology > Chapter 1 : Cell Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 : Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 3 types of eukaryotic cells?

A

plants, animals, fungi

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2
Q

What type of cell is bacteria?

A

prokaryotic cell

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3
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls the activity of the cell, contains genetic material.

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4
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls what substances enters and leaves the cell

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5
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Where aerobic respiration takes place

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6
Q

What is the function of Cytoplasm?

A

Where most chemical reactions take place

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7
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

site of protein synthesis

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8
Q

What is the function of a Cell wall?

A

Made of cellulose, Which will strengthen the cell

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9
Q

What is the function of a permanent vacuole?

A

Filled with cell sap, Which supports the plant

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10
Q

What is the function of Chloroplasts?

A

Contains chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

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11
Q

What are the features of a bacteria cell?

A

Cell wall, Cytoplasm, Flagella, Loop of DNA and plasmids

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12
Q

What are plasmids?

A

small rings of DNA

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13
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A
  • Prokaryotic cells are smaller.
  • Prokaryotic cells don’t have there genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.
  • Prokaryotic cells don’t contain mitochondria or chloroplasts.
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14
Q

What is the size of a plant cell?

A

0.1 millimetres in diameter

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15
Q

What is the size of an animal cell?

A

0.02 millimetre in diameter

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16
Q

What are the differences between a light microscope and an electron microscope?

A
  • Light microscopes have a lower magnification
  • Light microscopes have a lower resolution
  • Light microscopes are cheaper
  • Light microscopes only identifies larger sub-cellular structures
17
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

Magnification = size of image / size of real object

18
Q

Required practical microscopes

A
  1. Place the slide on stage
  2. Select the lowest power magnification
  3. Turn the coarse focusing dial so the stage almost touches the lens
  4. Slowly turn the coarse focusing dial until the cells come into focus
  5. Use the fine focusing dial to get a clearer image.
19
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division that makes new cells for growth and repair. The division of one cell into two genetically identical daughter cells.

20
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

An undifferentiated cell that can differentiate to become any type of specialised cell.

21
Q

What does differentiation mean?

A

Differentiation is the process where a cell changes to become specialised for its job.

22
Q

What are the 3 types of stem cells?

A

-Embryonic stem cells, stem cells from a human embryo.
-Adult stem cells, Stem cells from organs and tissue.
Meristem tissue, Used to make new cells for growth.

23
Q

What are the uses of stem cells?

A
  • Bone marrow transplant

- Therapeutic cloning

24
Q

What is therapeutic cloning?

A

In therapeutic cloning, an embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient. Stem cells from the embryo are not rejected by the patient’s body so they may be used for medical treatment.

25
Q

What is bone marrow transplant?

A

An example of adult stem cell transplant

26
Q

What are the benefits of stem cells?

A
  • Treat multiple of diseases from diabetes and paralysis.

- Reduced risk of organ rejection.

27
Q

What are the risks of stem cells?

A
  • Transfer of viral infections.
  • Risk of cultured stem cells mutating
  • Low number on donors
28
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

29
Q

What are the factors of diffusion?

A
  • Surface area
  • Temperature
  • Concentration gradient
30
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

31
Q

Required practical osmosis

A
  • Cut potatoes evenly and measure their mass
  • Place the cylinders in different concentrations of solution.
  • After a specified time, remove the cylinders and measure mass again.
32
Q

What is active transport?

A

moves substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, against a concentration gradient. Requires energy from respiration.

AQA GCSE Combined Science: Biology (1 decks)

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