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conflict and tension 1894-1918 > chapter 1: causes of the first world war > Flashcards

chapter 1: causes of the first world war Flashcards

alliance system, kaiser wilhelms aims in foreign policy, european rearmament, moroccan crises, the balkans, assassination of archduke franz ferdinand, july crisis, britain's pre war position

1
Q

triple alliance

A
  • germany
  • austria hungary
  • italy
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2
Q

germany’s strengths

A
  • large army
  • already had 2 colonies
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3
Q

germany’s weaknesses

A
  • had the worry of encirlement
  • didn’t have the biggest army
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4
Q

austria-hungary’s strengths

A
  • allied with germany (power)
  • had lots of resources
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5
Q

austria-hungary’s weaknesses

A
  • old fashioned
  • many groups of ethnicity who wanted different things
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6
Q

italy’s strengths

A
  • allied with germany
  • alliances meant they had military support
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7
Q

italy’s weaknesses

A
  • not entirely trusted by germany or austria-hungary
  • weak army & industry
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8
Q

triple entente

A
  • britain
  • france
  • russia
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9
Q

britain’s strengths

A
  • no huge rivals
  • huge overseas empire
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10
Q

britain’s weaknesses

A
  • saw germany’s growth as a threat
  • unlikely to stay out of war
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11
Q

france’s strengths

A
  • strong army & industry
  • strong friendship with russia
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12
Q

france’s weaknesses

A
  • neighbours with germany
  • previously lost a country to germany (alsace-lorraine)
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13
Q

russia’s strengths

A
  • largest of the 6 powers
  • large army
  • had france’s help to industrialise
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14
Q

russia’s weaknesses

A
  • had a long rivalry with austria-hungary
  • mostly agricultural not industrial
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15
Q

what were kaiser wilhem’s aims in foreign policy?

A

weltpolitik
- he wanted germany to have more power & influence in world affairs
- to be achieved through a large navy, intimidation, negotiation

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16
Q

what were the 3 stages to his policy?

A
  1. a moderate policy until 1935
  2. increased activity between 1935-37
  3. a more confident policy after 1937
17
Q

what was britain’s foreign policy?

A

splendid isolation
- avoid getting dragged into alliances in europe
- britain would oppose any attempt by germany to gain colonies or develop its navy

18
Q

what was the naval arms race?

A

1898: germany had plans for a large navy (still smaller than britain’s)
- insisted it was a defense mechanism for overseas trade but britain saw it as a threat
1906: britain launched HMS dreadnought and then germany followed by launching their own

19
Q

how was germany preparing for war?

A
  • realised that if war broke out, they would have to fight russia and france at the same time
  • created the schlieffen plan
20
Q

how was austria-hungary preparing for war?

A
  • relied on the success of the schlieffen plan as they needed the help of germany to defeat russia
21
Q

how was russia preparing for war?

A
  • trying to gather more men to fight (big army but not well equipped)
  • planned to overwhelm germany and austria’s army by just numbers
22
Q

how was france preparing for war?

A
  • had a large and well equipped army
  • planning to send troops to charge across the frontier & attack deep into germany, forcing them to surrender (plan 17)
23
Q

how was britain preparing for war?

A
  • created the BEF which consisted of 150,000 well trained, professional soldiers
  • planned for the BEF to fight alongside france
24
Q

what did every countries plans have in common?

A

they were all planning for a short war because they believed that none of the powers would be able to survive or afford a long war and it would lead to economic collapse

25
Q

what happened at the 1905 moroccan crisis?

A
  • germany was keen to show that they were an important role in north america
  • the german kaiser made a speech in morocco promising moroccan independence
  • this angered france as they wanted control of morocco
  • a conference was held to settle this dispute but caused more tenstion
  • britain and france began to support eachother which made germany fear encirclement
26
Q

what happened at the 1911 moroccan crisis?

A
  • the french tried to take over morocco and said they would compensate germany
  • kaiser’s response was to send a gunboat to agadir
  • another conference was held and britain and france stood firm against germany
  • france got control of morocco
27
Q

what agreement did britain and france make once france had control of morocco?

A
  • french would patrol the mediterranean
  • royal navy would defend france’s seas and coasts
28
Q

what was happening at the same time as these conferences making war more likely?

A

countries were expanding and growing in size, population & power

29
Q

what happened in 1908 over control of the balkans (bosnia)?

A
  • originally influenced by both russia and austria-hungary but becoming unstable
    1908: austria took control of the balkans
  • russia and serbia protested but backed down when they realised austria had the support of germany
30
Q

who assassinated archduke franz ferdinand?

A

a group of serbian nationalists called the ‘black hand gang’
they wanted bosnia free from austria

31
Q

who actually killed the archduke?

A

gavrilo princip
- 1st attempt failed but due to a change in route of the archdukes car, princip shot him and his wife, killing both

32
Q

what were the consequences of the archdukes assassination?

A

austria-hungary dealt very harshly with serbia
- tried to reduce serbia’s power as now they were quite powerful and had support from russia
- germany was keen to show its power & influence in europe

33
Q

what happened in the july crisis?

A

23 july: austria sent an ultimatum to serbia (a list of demands that serbia had to accept or face war)
serbia wanted to avoid war and so accepted 9/10 demands
- the 1 demand they were unwilling to meet was austria being involved in the serbian justice system to punish the assassins
28 july: austria declared war on serbia
30 july: russia mobilised its forces against austria and germany
1 august: germany declared war on russia

34
Q

what was britain’s pre war position?

A

britain was under no obligation to fight a european war but it was unlikely they would have remained neutral due to their close alliances and the strength they had against germany during the moroccon crises

conflict and tension 1894-1918 (2 decks)

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