Chapter 1 Book Flashcards
Child Development
understanding constancy and change from conception to adolescence
Chronosystem
temporary changes in environment that result in new conditions affecting development
Clinical interview
flexible conversational style to understand point of view
case study (clinical method)
to get complete picture
Cognitive developmental theory
PIAGET - cognitive development takes place in stages, children construct their own knowledge
Cohort effects
cultural-historical change, based on one cohort
Cohort
individuals developing in same time period that are influences on particular historical and cultural conditions
Confounding variable
variable that gets confused with independent variable
Context
combinations of personal and environmental circumstances that end in different paths of change
Continuous develoment
development is a process, building on to eachother
correlation coefficient
correlation from 1 to -1
correlational design
gathers information without changing their experiences, no inferences about cause and effect
cross-sectional desgin
participants of different ages studied at same time
Developmental cognitive neuroscience
psych, bio, neuroscience, and medicine to study relationship in brain
developmental science
study of all changes humans experience in lifespan
discontinuous development
process in ways of understanding and responding to the world at a specific time
dynamic systems perspective
mind, body, physical, social world is a system. a change in one leads to change
Ecological systems theory
BROFENBRENNER - child develops within a complex system
Ethnography
attempt to understand culture
Ethology
adaptive, survival, value of behavior and evolutionary history
Exosystem
social settings that do not contain children but affect their experiences - ex: parents work place
Information processing
human mind as a symbol-manipulating system that flows and is a continuous process
longitudinal design
follows a child over different ages
Macrosystem
outermost level of environment, cultural values, laws
Maturation
genetically determined, naturally unfolding course of growth
Mesosystem
immediate settings
Microsystem
innermost level, activites and interaction patterns
naturalistic observation
researcher goes into the natural environment
Nature-nuture controversy
debate about whether genetic or environmental factors are more important
Normative approach
measures of behavior are taken on large number of age related people, and averages are found
Plasticity
openness of human development to change in response to influential experiences
Psychoanalyitc persepctive
FREUD - children move through a series, how conflicts are resolved determines ability to learn
Psychosexual theory
FREUD - how parents manage children’s sexual and aggressive drives in first few years
Psychosocial theory
ERIKSON - at each stage individuals develop a personality, attitude, and skill, to help them become members of society
Resilience
ability to adapt
Sensitive period
time that is biologically optimal for certain things to emerge - especially environmental influences
Sequential design
conducted at varying times
social learning theory
emphasizes modeling and imitation for development
Sociocultural theory
VYGOTSKY - how children learn to think and behave that make up community
stage
qualitative change in thinking, feeling, behaving, that shows period of development - think what stage they are in
Structured interview
each person asked same thing in same way
Theory
orderly, integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and predicts behavior
