Chapter 1. Bioregulatory System Flashcards
What are the three bioregulatory systems?
- Endocrine
- Immune
- Nervous
What is the mais estrogen mimic in the environment?
Diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Nonpeptides regulators?
Acetylcholine (ACh) Carbon monoxide (CO) Dopamine (DA) Epinephrine (E) gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Glutamate Nitric oxide (NO) Norepinephrine (NE) Serotonin (5-HT)
Hypothalamic-releasing peptides
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Melanotropin release-inhibiting hormone (MRIH)
Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
Prolactin release-inhibiting hormone (PRIH)
Somatostatin (SS or GHRIH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Other neuropeptides
Angiotensin II (ANG-II) Arginine vasopressine (AVP) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) Cholecystokinin (CCKs) Insulin Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Neuropeptide YY (PYY) Peptide histidine insulin (PHI) Substance P (SP) Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
How are called the intracellular chemical messengers?
Intracrines
Tropic hormones that target thyroid gland and their action
Thyrotrophin (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)
Synthesis and release of thyroid hormone
Tropic hormones that target gonads and their action
Luteinizing hormone (lutropin, LH), androgen synthesis, progesterone synthesis and gamete release
Follicle stimulating hormone (follitropin, FSH), gamete formation and estrogen synthesis
What tissues does growth hormone target and its function?
Liver, connective tissues and muscles
Synthesis of IGF and proteins
What tissues does prolactin target and its function?
Mammary glands and epidydimus
Synthesis of proteins
What tissues does corticotropin target and its function?
Adrenal cortex
Synthesis of corticosteroids
What tissues does melanotropin target and its function?
Melanin-producing cells
Synthesis of melanin
What tissues does thyrotropin-releasing hormone target and its function?
Anterior pituitary
Release TSH
What tissues does gonadotropin-releasing hormone target and its function?
Anterior pituitary
Release LH/FSH
What tissues does corticotropin-releasing hormone target and its function?
Anterior pituitary
Release ACTH
What tissues does somastotin target and its function?
Anterior pituitary
Inhibits GH release
What tissues does prolactin-release-inhibiting hormone target and its function?
Anterior pituitary
Inhibits PRL release
What tissues does prolactin-releasing hormone target and its function?
Anterior pituitary
Releases PRL
What tissues does melanotropin-release-inhibiting target and its function?
Anterior pituitary
Inhibits MSH release
What tissues does melanotropin-releasing hormone target and its function?
Anterior pituitary
Releases MSH
What tissues does arginine vasopressin target and its function?
Kidney / Water absorption
Brain/Drinking behaviour
What tissues does oxytocin target and its function?
Uterus/ vas deferens
smooth muscle contraction
What tissues does endorphins target and its function?
Pain neurons
Desensitizes neurons
What tissues do thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) target and its function?
Most tissues
Increases metabolism; controls development and differentiation
What tissues does calcitonin target and its function?
Bone
Prevents resorption caused by parathyroid hormone
What tissues does estrogen target and its function?
Primary and secondary sexual structures
Stimulates development
What tissues does progesterone target and its function?
Brain / Reproductive behavior
Uterus / stimulates secretion by uterine glands
What tissues does inhibin target and its function?
Anterior pituitary
Blocks FSH release
What tissues does androgens like testosterone target and its function?
Primary and secondary sexual structures
Stimulates development and secretion
What tissues does aldosterone target and its function?
Kidney
Sodium reabsorption / Potassium secretion into urine
What tissues does corticosterone target and its function?
Liver / muscle
Conversion of protein into carbohydrates
What tissues does epinephrine/norepinephrine target and its function?
Liver / muscle
Glycogen breakdown into glucose
What tissues does parathyroid hormone target and its function?
Bone / resorption or growth
Kidney / Calcium reabsorption and phosphate secretion into urine
What tissues does insulin target and its function?
Liver / Glycogen storage
Muscle / Glucose uptake
Adipose tissue / Inhibits fat hydrolysis
What tissues does glucagon target and its function?
Liver / Glycogen breakdown
Adipose tissue / Stimulates fat hydrolysis
