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ADVS Endocrinology > Chapter 1. Bioregulatory System > Flashcards

Chapter 1. Bioregulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three bioregulatory systems?

A
  1. Endocrine
  2. Immune
  3. Nervous
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2
Q

What is the mais estrogen mimic in the environment?

A

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

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3
Q

Nonpeptides regulators?

A 
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Dopamine (DA)
Epinephrine (E)
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) 
Glutamate 
Nitric oxide (NO)
Norepinephrine (NE) 
Serotonin (5-HT)
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4
Q

Hypothalamic-releasing peptides

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Melanotropin release-inhibiting hormone (MRIH)
Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)
Prolactin release-inhibiting hormone (PRIH)
Somatostatin (SS or GHRIH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

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5
Q

Other neuropeptides

A 
Angiotensin II (ANG-II)
Arginine vasopressine (AVP)
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Brain  natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Cholecystokinin (CCKs)
Insulin
Neuropeptide Y (NPY)
Neuropeptide YY (PYY)
Peptide histidine insulin (PHI)
Substance P (SP)
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
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6
Q

How are called the intracellular chemical messengers?

A

Intracrines

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7
Q

Tropic hormones that target thyroid gland and their action

A

Thyrotrophin (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)

Synthesis and release of thyroid hormone

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8
Q

Tropic hormones that target gonads and their action

A

Luteinizing hormone (lutropin, LH), androgen synthesis, progesterone synthesis and gamete release

Follicle stimulating hormone (follitropin, FSH), gamete formation and estrogen synthesis

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9
Q

What tissues does growth hormone target and its function?

A

Liver, connective tissues and muscles

Synthesis of IGF and proteins

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10
Q

What tissues does prolactin target and its function?

A

Mammary glands and epidydimus

Synthesis of proteins

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11
Q

What tissues does corticotropin target and its function?

A

Adrenal cortex

Synthesis of corticosteroids

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12
Q

What tissues does melanotropin target and its function?

A

Melanin-producing cells

Synthesis of melanin

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13
Q

What tissues does thyrotropin-releasing hormone target and its function?

A

Anterior pituitary

Release TSH

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14
Q

What tissues does gonadotropin-releasing hormone target and its function?

A

Anterior pituitary

Release LH/FSH

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15
Q

What tissues does corticotropin-releasing hormone target and its function?

A

Anterior pituitary

Release ACTH

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16
Q

What tissues does somastotin target and its function?

A

Anterior pituitary

Inhibits GH release

17
Q

What tissues does prolactin-release-inhibiting hormone target and its function?

A

Anterior pituitary

Inhibits PRL release

18
Q

What tissues does prolactin-releasing hormone target and its function?

A

Anterior pituitary

Releases PRL

19
Q

What tissues does melanotropin-release-inhibiting target and its function?

A

Anterior pituitary

Inhibits MSH release

20
Q

What tissues does melanotropin-releasing hormone target and its function?

A

Anterior pituitary

Releases MSH

21
Q

What tissues does arginine vasopressin target and its function?

A

Kidney / Water absorption

Brain/Drinking behaviour

22
Q

What tissues does oxytocin target and its function?

A

Uterus/ vas deferens

smooth muscle contraction

23
Q

What tissues does endorphins target and its function?

A

Pain neurons

Desensitizes neurons

24
Q

What tissues do thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) target and its function?

A

Most tissues

Increases metabolism; controls development and differentiation

25
Q

What tissues does calcitonin target and its function?

A

Bone

Prevents resorption caused by parathyroid hormone

26
Q

What tissues does estrogen target and its function?

A

Primary and secondary sexual structures

Stimulates development

27
Q

What tissues does progesterone target and its function?

A

Brain / Reproductive behavior

Uterus / stimulates secretion by uterine glands

28
Q

What tissues does inhibin target and its function?

A

Anterior pituitary

Blocks FSH release

29
Q

What tissues does androgens like testosterone target and its function?

A

Primary and secondary sexual structures

Stimulates development and secretion

30
Q

What tissues does aldosterone target and its function?

A

Kidney

Sodium reabsorption / Potassium secretion into urine

31
Q

What tissues does corticosterone target and its function?

A

Liver / muscle

Conversion of protein into carbohydrates

32
Q

What tissues does epinephrine/norepinephrine target and its function?

A

Liver / muscle

Glycogen breakdown into glucose

33
Q

What tissues does parathyroid hormone target and its function?

A

Bone / resorption or growth

Kidney / Calcium reabsorption and phosphate secretion into urine

34
Q

What tissues does insulin target and its function?

A

Liver / Glycogen storage
Muscle / Glucose uptake
Adipose tissue / Inhibits fat hydrolysis

35
Q

What tissues does glucagon target and its function?

A

Liver / Glycogen breakdown

Adipose tissue / Stimulates fat hydrolysis

ADVS Endocrinology (1 decks)

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