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NEUR302 - Brain to Behavior > Chapter 1 BioPsych as a Neuroscience > Flashcards

Chapter 1 BioPsych as a Neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Biopsychology

A

Biology of Behavior: Biological approach to studying psychology

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2
Q

Define Psychology

A

Scientific study of behavior

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3
Q

Define Hebb’s Theory

A

Tried to prove that psychological function is too complex to have its roots in physiology and chemistry - Hallmark of psychological inquiry

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4
Q

Define Neuroanatomy

A

Study of structure of the nervous system

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5
Q

Define Neurochemistry

A

Study of Chemical bases of Neural activity

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6
Q

Define Neuroendocrinology

A

Study interactions btwn nervous system and endocrine system

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7
Q

Neuropathology

A

Study of Nervous system disorders

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8
Q

Neuropharmacology

A

Study of the effects of drugs on neural activity

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9
Q

Neurophysiology

A

Study fxn and activity of nervous system

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10
Q

What are the advantages of using human subjects over nonhuman subjects

A

Humans can follow instructions better, can report subjective experiences, are cheaper, and the human brain is more intricate for study compared to animals

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11
Q

What are the disadvantages of using human subjects over animal subjects

A

Cost of maintainance, besides humans most of the subjects that are used are cats, dogs, rats, primates, mice etc.

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12
Q

What are the advantages of using animal subjects

A

We can better understand how human brains versus non-human brains function in terms of evolution. We can study animals with different brain sizes and cortical development. Many principles of the human brain function can be clarified through the use of animal brain study.

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13
Q

Define Comparative approach

A

Studying biological process in different species for comparison. To better understand the core function between what some species do or dont have. Ethically some processes cant be done on humans so that’s when animals come handy

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14
Q

What is between subject design

A

Different groups or subjects under each condition

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15
Q

What is within subject design

A

Same group under each condition

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16
Q

What is the independent variable

A

The variable that is chosen by the experimenter, and is different between conditions

17
Q

What is the dependent variable

A

the effect of independent variable on subjects that is measured.

18
Q

Confound variable

A

The potential variable aside from the independent variable that influences the dependent variable

19
Q

What is the Coolidge effect

A

The study of males wanting a new sex partner which wasn’t found in female subjects - Shows the importance of eliminating confound variables

20
Q

What are Quasiexperimental studies

A

Study of subjects who already have been previously exposed to conditions of interest in the real world - Not experimentally induced condition. Confounded variables can’t be controlled.

21
Q

What are case studies

A

Single cases - go more in-depth - are good sources for hypotheses. An issue is generalizability which means that most things learned from case studies are unique to the person and can’t be related exactly to other situations.

22
Q

What are the characteristics of pure research

A

Research done to find out more info for curiosity for the researcher. More vulnerable to political dynamic

23
Q

What are the characteristics of applied research

A

to bring benefit to humankind

24
Q

What is translational research

A

Serves to turn pure research into real world use

25
Q

What is physiological psychology

A

Neural mechanism of behavior through direct manipulation - recording of the brain in controlled experiments

  • Using lab animals
    Surgical
  • electrical methods used
  • Pure research
26
Q

What is psychopharmacology

A

Manipulation of neural activity and behavior through the use of drugs.

  • Applied research - to create therapeutic drugs / reduce drug abuse
  • Mainly done on lab species sometimes humans when ethical
27
Q

What is neuropsychology

A

Study psychological effects of brain damage on human patients

  • mainly case studies + Quasiexperiments on people with brain damage
  • usually on cerebral cortex because that’s most likely to get damaged
  • Applied research
  • helps physicians run tests and prescribe treatment
28
Q

What is psychophysiology

A

Study btwn physiological activity and psychological activity in humans.

  • Non-invasive, recording process done at the surface of the brain.
  • Different types of recording include :
    1. EEG
    2. Muscle tension
    3. Eye movement
    4. Heart rate
    5. BP
    6. Pupil dilation
    7. Electrical conductance os skin
    (Basically processes of the autonomic nervous system)
29
Q

What is cognitive psychology

A

Study the neural basis of cognition :
- thoughts
- memory
- attention
- complex perceptual process

  • using humans: non invasive techniques
  • Method - TMS (Transcranial magnetic stimulation) - Non invasive coil position stimulates or inhibits neural activity temporarily.
  • FMRI - Functional brain imaging done while the participant does cognitive task
30
Q

What is comparative psychology

A

Study bio of behavior thru comparison of Dif species to understand :
- genetics
- Evolution
- Adaptiveness of behavior

Methods :
1. Study behavior In lab setting
2. Ethological study - of animals in their natural environment
3. Evolutionary psych - understanding behavior through evolutionary origins
4. Behavioral Genetics - genetics influence on behavior

31
Q

What are converging operations?

A

When Dif approaches focus on a single issue / problem and combine studies to lead to strengths of one approach compensating for another approach’s weakness leading to better research

32
Q

What is the relevance of Korsakoff’s syndrome

A
  1. Memory loss was found in alcoholic patients who were otherwise healthy
  2. Found that alcoholism leads to vitamin B deficiency
  3. Connected that by studying kids and rats and found that malnutrition also caused memory loss

Shows the importance of converging operations

33
Q

What is the significance of scientific inference

A

Measuring things that can be observed and using that info to predict unobservable events. Neural mechanism are unobservable thus they are studied through inference.

34
Q

What are dif types of direct manipulation

A
  1. Inject Chemicals to activate or deactivate part of brain
  2. Stimulate / activate part of brain with electricity
  3. optogenetics - using light instead of electricity for stimulation
35
Q

What is the difference between recordings and direct manipulation

A

Recordings are non invasive, they find correlation for behavior

Direct manipulation can get the cause of behavior

NEUR302 - Brain to Behavior (2 decks)

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