Chapter 1: Biology as a Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

What is biopsychology?

A

The scientific study of the biology of behaviour.

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2
Q

What did Hebb’s book discuss?

A

The first comprehensive theory of how psychological phenomena might be produced by brain activity.

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3
Q

What is neuroanatomy?

A

The study of the structure of the NS

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4
Q

What is neurochemistry?

A

The study of the chemical bases of neural activity

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5
Q

What is neuroendocrinology?

A

The study of interactions between the NS and the endocrine system

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6
Q

What is neuropathology?

A

The study of NS disorders

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7
Q

What is neuropharmacology?

A

The study of the effects of drugs on neural activity

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8
Q

What is neurophysiology?

A

The study of the functions and activities of the NS

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9
Q

What is “between-subjects design”?

A

A different group of subjects is tested under each condition

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10
Q

What is “within-subjects design”?

A

The same group of subjects is tested under each condition

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11
Q

What is the “confounded variable”?

A

The unintended difference in an experiment

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12
Q

What is the Coolidge effect?

A

The fact that a copulating male who becomes incapable of continuing to copulate with one sex partner can often recommence copulating with a new sex partneru

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13
Q

What are quasiexperimental studies?

A

Studies of groups who have been exposed to the conditions of interest in the real world.

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14
Q

What is the difference between pure and applied research?

A

Pure research is motivated primarily by the curiosity of the researcher, while applied research is intended to bring a direct benefit to humankind

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15
Q

What is physiological psychology?

A

Studies neural mechanisms of behaviour through direct manipulation/recording of the brain.

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16
Q

What is psychopharmacology?

A

Focuses on the manipulation of neural behaviour with drugs.

17
Q

What is neuropsychology?

A

The study of psychological effects of brain damage in humans.

18
Q

What is psychophysiology? What is the major method of it?

A

Studies the relation between physiological and psychological processes. The major method is noninvasive physiological recording.

19
Q

What is cognitive neuroscience? What is the major method of it?

A

Studies the neural bases of cognition (higher intellectual processes). The major method is functional brain imaging.

20
Q

What is comparative psychology?

A

Studies the biology of behaviour, rather than the neural mechanisms of behaviour. It compares the behaviour of different species to understand evolution, genetics and adaptiveness of behaviour.

21
Q

What is ethological research?

A

Studying animal behaviour in its natural environment.

22
Q

What is evolutionary psychology?

A

Studying behaviour by considering its likely evolutionary origins.

23
Q

What is behavioural genetics?

A

The study of genetic influences on behaviour.

24
Q

What is scientific inference?

A

The empirical method of studying the unobservable.

25
Q

What is Morgan’s Canon?

A

When there are several possible interpretations for a behavioural observation, give precedence to the simplest one.

26
Q

What is psychosurgery?

A

Surgery of the brain for psychological reasons.

27
Q

What is Korsakoff’s syndrome caused by?

A

A thiamine deficiency.

28
Q

Who developed the prefrontal lobotomy as a treatment for psychiatric disorders?

A

Moniz