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Biology 130 > Chapter 1 - Biology and the Tree of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Biology and the Tree of Life Flashcards

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0
Q

Hypothesis

A

A testable statement to explain phenomenon or a set of observations.

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1
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of life?

A 
Energy
Cells
Information
Replication
Evolution
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2
Q

Theory

A

An explanation for a very general class of phenomena or observations that are supported by a wide body of evidence.

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3
Q

Cell

A

A highly organized compartment that is bounded by a plasma membrane and contains concentrated chemicals in an aqueous solution.

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4
Q

2 Components of Scientific Theories

A
  1. Describes a pattern in the natural world

2. Identifies a mechanism or process that is responsible for creating the pattern

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5
Q

Cell Theory

A

All organisms are made of cells, all cells come from preexisting cells.

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6
Q

(Experimental) Prediction

A

Describes a measurable or observable result that must be correct if a hypothesis is valid.

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7
Q

Why was Pasteur’s set up effective?

A

He only changed one variable

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8
Q

Descent with modification

A

Characteristics of species can be modified from generation to generation

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9
Q

2 claims of evokution

A
  1. Species are related by common ancestry

2. decent with modification

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10
Q

Evolution

A

A change in the characteristics if a population over time.

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11
Q

Natural Selection Explains…

A

…how evolution occurs

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12
Q

2 Conditions of Natural Selection

A
  1. Individuals within a population vary in characteristics that are heritable
  2. In a particular environment, certain versions of these heritable traits help individuals survive better or reproduce more than other versions.
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13
Q

Heritable

A

Traits that can be passed on to offspring

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14
Q

Population

A

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

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15
Q

Natural Selection acts on:

Evolution Acts on:

A

Individuals

Populations

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16
Q

Artificial Selection

A

Humans select certain individuals to produce the most offspring

17
Q

Evolution occurs when…

A

…heritable variation leads to differential success in reproduction

18
Q

Fitness

A

The ability of an individual to produce offspring. More fit = More offspring

19
Q

Adaptation

A

A trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment.

20
Q

2 Unifying ideas of evolution and cell theory

A
  1. The cell is the fundamental structural unit in all organisms
  2. All species are related by common ancestry and have changed over time in response to natural selection
21
Q

Speciation

A

The evolution of two or more distinct species from a single ancestral species.

22
Q

Tree of life

A

A family tree of organisms

23
Q

Phlogeny

A

The genealogical relationships between species

24
Q

4 Letters for ribonucleotides

A

AUCG

25
Q

LUCA

A

Last Universal Common Ancestor (of cells)

26
Q

3 Types of Organisms

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

27
Q

All Eukaryotes have:

A

A Nucleus

28
Q

Most Prokaryotes do not have…

A

…a nucleus

29
Q

Most prokaryotes have many/one cell(s).

A

One

30
Q

Most eukaryote have many/one cell(s).

A

Many

31
Q

Taxonomy

A

The effort to name and classify organisms

32
Q

Taxon (plural taxa)

A

A named group of organisms

33
Q

The three fundamental groups make up 3…

A

Domains

34
Q

Phylum (plural phyla)

A

Major lines within a domain

35
Q

Genus

A

A group of closely related species

36
Q

Species

A

Evolutionarily independent population or group of populations.

37
Q

Scientific name

A

an organisms genus and species

38
Q

Why are experiments powerful scientific tools?

A

Experiments allow researchers to test the effect of a single, well-defined factor on a particular phenomenon

39
Q

Null Hypothesis specifies

A

What should be observed when the hypothesis being tested isn’t correct.

Biology 130 (1 decks)

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