Chapter 1 (Biology)

Question 1

abstract

Answer 1

opening section of a scientific paper that summarizes the research and conclusions

Question 2

applied science

Answer 2

form of science that aims to solve real-world problems

Question 3

atom

Answer 3

smallest and most fundamental unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

Question 4

basic science

Answer 4

science that seeks to expand knowledge and understanding regardless of the short-term application of that knowledge

Question 5

biochemistry

Answer 5

study of the chemistry of biological organisms

Question 6

biology

Answer 6

the study of life

Question 7

biosphere

Answer 7

collection of all the ecosystems on Earth

Question 8

botany

Answer 8

study of plants

Question 9

cell

Answer 9

smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things

Question 10

community

Answer 10

set of populations inhabiting a particular area

Question 11

conclusion

Answer 11

section of a scientific paper that summarizes the importance of the experimental findings

Question 12

control

Answer 12

part of an experiment that does not change during the experiment

Question 13

deductive reasoning

Answer 13

form of logical thinking that uses a general inclusive statement to predict specific results

Question 14

descriptive science

Answer 14

(also, discovery science) form of science that aims to observe, explore, and investigate

Question 15

discussion

Answer 15

section of a scientific paper in which the author interprets experimental results, describes how variables may be related, and attempts to explain the phenomenon in question

Question 16

ecosystem

Answer 16

all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that environment

Question 17

eukaryote

Answer 17

organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles

Question 18

evolution

Answer 18

the process of gradual change in a population or species over time

Question 19

falsifiable

Answer 19

able to be disproven by experimental results

Question 20

homeostasis

Answer 20

ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions

Question 21

hypothesis

Answer 21

suggested explanation for an observation, which one can test

Question 22

hypothesis-based science

Answer 22

form of science that begins with a specific question and potential testable answers

Question 23

inductive reasoning

Answer 23

form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion

Question 24

introduction

Answer 24

opening section of a scientific paper, which provides background information about what was known in the field prior to the research reported in the paper

Question 25

life science

Answer 25

field of science, such as biology, that studies living things

Question 26

macromolecule

Answer 26

large molecule, typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules

Question 27

materials and methods

Answer 27

section of a scientific paper that includes a complete description of the substances, methods, and techniques that the researchers used to gather data

Question 28

microbiology

Answer 28

study of the structure and function of microorganisms

Question 29

molecular biology

Answer 29

study of biological processes and their regulation at the molecular level, including interactions among molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins

Question 30

molecule

Answer 30

chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by one or more chemical bonds

Question 31

natural science

Answer 31

field of science that is related to the physical world and its phenomena and processes

Question 32

neurobiology

Answer 32

study of the biology of the nervous system

Question 33

organ

Answer 33

collection of related tissues grouped together performing a common function

Question 34

organ system

Answer 34

level of organization that consists of functionally related interacting organs

Question 35

organelle

Answer 35

small structures that exist within cells and carry out cellular functions

Question 36

organism

Answer 36

individual living entity

Question 37

paleontology

Answer 37

study of life’s history by means of fossils

Question 38

peer-reviewed manuscript

Answer 38

scientific paper that a scientist’s colleagues review who are experts in the field of study

Question 39

phylogenetic tree

Answer 39

diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both; in essence, a hypothesis concerning evolutionary connections

Question 40

physical science

Answer 40

field of science, such as geology, astronomy, physics, and chemistry, that studies nonliving matter

Question 41

plagiarism

Answer 41

using other people’s work or ideas without proper citation, creating the false impression that those are the author’s original ideas

Question 42

population

Answer 42

all of the individuals of a species living within a specific area

Question 43

prokaryote

Answer 43

single-celled organism that lacks organelles and does not have nuclei surrounded by a nuclear membrane

Question 44

results

Answer 44

section of a scientific paper in which the author narrates the experimental findings and presents relevant figures, pictures, diagrams, graphs, and tables, without any further interpretation

Question 45

review article

Answer 45

paper that summarizes and comments on findings that were published as primary literature

Question 46

science

Answer 46

knowledge that covers general truths or the operation of general laws, especially when acquired and tested by the scientific method

Question 47

scientific method

Answer 47

method of research with defined steps that include observation, formulation of a hypothesis, testing, and confirming or falsifying the hypothesis

Question 48

serendipity

Answer 48

fortunate accident or a lucky surprise

Question 49

theory

Answer 49

tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena

Question 50

tissue

Answer 50

group of similar cells carrying out related functions

Question 51

variable

Answer 51

part of an experiment that the experimenter can vary or change

Question 52

zoology

Answer 52

study of animals