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Rapid Interpretation of EKG's > Chapter 1: Basic Principles > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Basic Principles Flashcards

1
Q

Myocytes

A

Heart Muscle cells

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2
Q

Interiors of Heart Muscle cells (myocytes) are _______ (________) at rest

A

-negative
-(polarized)

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3
Q

Depolarization:

A

Interiors become positive and myocytes contract
an advancing wave of positive charges within the heart myocytes

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4
Q

The cell to cell conduction of depolarization through the myocardium is initiated by fast moving _________ ions within myocytes.

A

-sodium (Na+)

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5
Q

When you see an upward wave on EKG, it represents a ______________________________________________________.

A

-depolarization wave moving toward a positive electrode.

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6
Q

Cardium

A

Heart

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7
Q

Myo

A

muscle

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8
Q

SA node

A

-Sinus node,
-dominant pacemaker

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9
Q

Automaticity

A

-generation of pacemaking stimuli

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10
Q

Automaticity foci

A

-other focal ares of the heart

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11
Q

AV Node

A

-only conducting pathway between the atria and ventricles

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12
Q

Repolarization

A

Cells interior return to negative

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13
Q

Most active phase (of repolarization) is _______

A

T wave

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14
Q

Note:
In reality, contraction of the atria lasts longer than the duration of the __________.

A

P wave

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15
Q

Atrio-Ventricular valves

A

1) prevent blood back flow to the atria
2) electrically insulate the ventricles from the atria

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16
Q

Mitral Valve

A

Left side

17
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Right side

18
Q

Underoxygenated Blood Pathway

A

Pathway
Underoxygnated blood
—> Right atrium
—> tricuspid valve
—> Right ventricle
—> Pulmonary Valve
—> Pulmonary Artery
—> Oxygenated blood

19
Q

Oxygenated Blood Pathway

A

Oxygenated blood
—> Left atrium
—> Mitral valve
—> Left Ventricle
—> Aortic valve
—> Aorta
—> Body

20
Q

As atrial depolarization enters the AV node, depolarization …

A

-slows, producing a brief pause.

21
Q

Slowed conduction through the AV node creates a pause which allows time…

A

-for blood in the atria to enter the ventricles.

22
Q

The Pause created by slowed conduction through the AV node is represented by …

A

-short piece of flat baseline after each P wave on the EKG.

23
Q

Slow conduction through the AV node is carried by…

A

Calcium (Ca++) ions.

24
Q

Depolarization through the AV node is slow but upon reaching the ventricular conduction system, depolarization…

A

rapidly shoots through the HIS Bundle and the Left and Right Bundle Branches and their subdivisions.

25
Q

The ventricular conduction system originates at the

A

-HIS Bundle , which penetrates the AV Valves, then immediately bifurcates (in the inter ventricular septum) into the Right and Left Bundle Branches,

26
Q

HIS Bundle and Bundle Branches are bundles of rapidly conducting…

A

Purkinje Fibers.

27
Q

(Like the myocardium), Purkinje Fibers use fast moving _________ for conduction of depolarization.

A

Na++ ions

28
Q

The terminal filaments of the Purkinje Fibers rapidly distribute depolarization to the…

A

ventricular myocytes.

29
Q

Note: The rapid passage of depolarization down the ventricular conducting system is too weak to record on EKG; however, Depolarization of the entire ventricular myocardium produces a _________on the EKG.

A

QRS complex

30
Q

Depolarization of the ventricular myocytes …

A

initiates contraction of the ventricles.

31
Q

The terminal filaments of the Purkinje fibers spread out just beneath …

A

-the endocardium that lines both ventricular cavities.

32
Q

Ventricular depolarization begins at the lining and proceeds…

A

-toward the outside surface (epicardium) of the ventricles.

33
Q

The Purkinje fibers branch and subdivide just beneath the endocardial lining, but they barely…

A

penetrate into the myocardium.

34
Q

The QRS complex actually represents the ______ of ventricular contraction.

A

beginning

35
Q

The physical event of ventricular contraction actually lasts _______ than the QRS complex, but we will still consider the QRS complex as generally representing the occurrence of ventricular contraction.

A

longer

36
Q

The QRS complex is an electrocardiographic recording of ventricular _________________, which causes ventricular ________.

A

-(ventricular) depolarization

-(ventricular) contraction

Rapid Interpretation of EKG's (1 decks)

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