Chapter 1 Basic Entomology Flashcards
What are the 3 body sections of insects?
Head, thorax, abdomen
What is complex metamorphosis
Egg, larva, pupa, adult
What is simple metamorphosis?
Egg, nymph, adult.
What is instar?
Period between each molt
Characteristics of Mites:
Tiny, soft bodie, w/ two body regions. Thick waist, four pair of legs and no antenna
Black widows and brown recluse are dangerous. Which one is NOT found in WA?
Brown recluse, though the hobo spider, (established in PNW), is mistaken for it.
Are ticks considered parasites?
Yes! For both human and animals.
IPM is called what?
Integrated Pest Management
What controls are used when implementing IPM?
• physical
• cultural
• biological
• chemical
• mechanical
• genetic
• educational
Explain the IF, WHERE, WHEN, WHICH of the IPM decision-making process.
IF treatments are necessary
WHERE treatments should occur
WHEN treatments are to take place
WHICH treatments to use
American cockroaches identifying features are?
Light yellow or tan band around edge of shield behind head.
Males wings extend beyond tip of abdomen. Females do not.
Can fly but seldom do.
> 5/8th “
Brown banded cockroaches identified by?
Light body, darker head with pale band at base of thorax. Bell shaped thorax.
Females much darker and wings shorter - not covering the abdomen.
< 5/8ths”
Identifying German cockroaches be like…?
Two dark brown stripes behind the head.
<5/8ths”
Oriental cockroaches identify:
Uniformly shiny, glossy dark brown to black as adult
Female has stubby wings, males wings cover 2/3 of abdomen
> 5/8ths “
The five steps of IPM are?
- Identify the pest to be managed
- Define the management
- Develop the pest management strategy
- Develop reliable monitoring techniques
- Use thresholds- Economic threshold & Economic injury level
First step of IPM - Identify the pest entails what?
Ensure it’s a pest that needs to be treated.
Once identified you’re able to pick the best treatment. Knowing the biological info, knowing the life cycle and knowing when to treat and where to treat is important.
The second step in IPM, define the management system includes?
It’s the specific area where pests must be at acceptable levels
Characteristic of plant and animal production system and movement patterns of pest helps to target treatments.
The third step in IPM is? And what this means.
Develop the pest management strategy:
Coordinating the uses of multiple tactics into one single integrated system.
IPM is a management program. It helps identify the acceptable level of pests (see thresholds also).
Reliable monitoring techniques is the fourth step of IPM and entails?
Continued gathering of info to develop long term success to keep the infestation below the economic threshold
Monitoring examples:
Measurements of population of pests
Resulting damage or loss
Weather conditions
Fifth step in IPM is Thresholds and describes?
Economic threshold - level or control to keep pest infestation from reaching the economic injury level.
Economic Injury is when pest control meets or exceeds the cost of the control needed.
Explain emulsifiable (Eac or E) concentrations
Liquid formulations are mixed in petroleum solvents to allow the pesticides to mix with water for spray application.
2-8 lbs of active ingredient per gallon of formulated product.
Usually forms milky or white
What are solutions (S) formulation?
Formulations w/water soluble active ingredient, dissolved in one or more liquids.
Soluble Powders (SP)
Dry, powered formulations
Contains 25 to 80% active ingredient that dissolves easily in water.
True solutions
Disadvantages- dust like creates greater risk to handler if inhaled
Some advantages- low cost, easier to store, transport. Lower phytotoxicity compared to ECs. Comes in packets that reduces risk when mixing product by handler.
Wettable powders (WP)
Dry, fine formulations containing 25 to 80% active ingredient.
Does not mix with water and thus needs constant agitation to prevent it settling in tank. Also needs emulsifier mixed with clay or talc.
Hard on pump and tank, easily clogged screens and nozzles. Difficult to mix.
Flowables (F)
Finely ground solid particles
Suspended in water, mixed with active ingredient.
Seldom clog nozzles and minimal agitation needs, lower risk of inhalation when mixing.
Spray adjuvants are?
Added to pesticide to aid the effect or application of pesticides. Classified as pesticides in WA, but not at federal level.
Surfactants:
Surface active agents, alters the dispersing or spreading of Wettable properties of spray droplets.
Helps spray droplets to evenly wet a surface.
Pesticides can be ______?
Tank mixed, more often mixed by applicator on site.
Incompatible is indicated how?
Separation of chemicals
Globules or clumps
Precipitates or gels
Pesticides are:
A) solutions
B) emulsions
C) suspensions
D) all the above
D
EPA can fine you how much for civil charges?
A) $7,500
B) $25,000
C) $5000
D) one year in prison
C - for each offense
$25,000 or one year in prison for?
Criminal penalties for some violations of the law
Washington state maximum civil penalty for violations of pesticides activity?
$7,500 each offense. Or denial, suspension or revocation of pesticide license.
