Chapter 1 - Basic concepts and System development lifecycle Flashcards
Difference between increasing the topline and decreasing the bottom line?
Increasing the topline -> generate additional revenue by creating new services and entering new markets
Decreasing the bottom line -> Using IT to decrease costs and be more efficient
What’s the relevance of IT and IS?
IT and IS are crucial elements for the success of an organization and need careful management -> requires specific knowledge and tools
IT and IS are the most important tools organizations have at their disposal to support, automate, rationalize, streamline and coordinate their operational and decision making processes and become more efficient and effective (decrease bottomline and increase topline)
The existence of organizations depend on IT and IS
What is informatics?
The science/study of information processing
What is an information system?
IS is used to process information, for example an evolution towards paperless organization
IS uses IT but also uses other components
Uses all or some of :
People, hardware, software, communication networks, data resources, policies and procedures
that stores, retrieves, transforms or processes and disseminates information to end-users in an organization in a controlled manner
What is information technology?
IT concerns one aspect of IS
IT is the technological components required for an IS to function:
computer hardware, computer software, telecommunication
Technology to manage and manipulate data resources
What is a system?
It is a clearly delineated set of interrelated components cooperating to realize a set of common objectives
Ex: cell, human, planet
What is the use of IS in an organization?
To increase efficiency and effectiveness in business processes and management decision making, and collaboration in support of product development and customer support. thus the need for process modeling and data modeling
What is the difference between data and information?
Data is information that can be captured and stored as a sequence of zeros and ones, and as such anything that can be stored a bit-sequence. Information is data with utility (useor value) to the receiver.
What is a model?
A model is a simplified and/or idealized representation of (part of) reality. A model is some representation of a system. Models are are an essential part on he constrcution of software systems. The output of a methodology consists of a set of model that are used as input in the later stages. A modle is written using a notation, such as UML or BPMN.
A model is not the thing it is describing, but a representation of it. But in some real sense, it looks like the thing.
Why do we build models?
A model is a tool to assist in analysis and decision making, communication, planning, simulation and optimization.
What is a simulation?
A model helps to simulate the workings of a system and analyze the system’s behaviour under varying circumstances. Helps in answering complex business questions and optimize decision making.
What are the 4 elements in the development of IS?
organization -> the plot where development takes place is the organization that carries out the development
process development -> a good development depends on the process development by which software and IS are developed
architecture is the structure of the product that is being constructed
notation provides the means of communication and the roof under which the development takes place.
Success depends on the harmonization of all 4 elements
What is a process?
A process is the development of an Information system. The input are time, energy and money. Consists of different shareholders and activities but has a clear end objective.
A formal approach or methodology is needed in the success of an IS development project.
What is SDLC?
Systems development lifecycle is a high-reigning methodology. It is a number of clearly defined and distinct work phases used by systems engineers and systems developers to plan for, design, build, test and deliver information systems.
Business analyst domain is the problem domain -> investigation and analysis
IT analyst domain is the solution domain -> design, implementation and maintenance.
what are the objectives of SDLC?
To produce high quality systems
That meet or exceed customer expectations
Based on customer requirements
By delivering systems which move through each distinct phases
Within scheduled time frames and cost estimates.
