chapter 1 basic concepts and hydrocarbons

Question 1

Nomenclature

Answer 1

naming system for compounds

Question 2

homologous series

Answer 2

series of organic compounds that have the same functional group with successive members differing by CH2

Question 3

aliphatic hydrocarbon

Answer 3

hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined in straight or branched chains

Question 4

alicyclic hydrocarbon

Answer 4

hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure

Question 5

aromatic hydrocarbons

Answer 5

contain at least one benzene ring

Question 6

saturated

Answer 6

compounds have only single bonds

Question 7

functional group

Answer 7

group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a compound

Question 8

general formula

Answer 8

simplest algebraic formula for a homologous series

Question 9

displayed formula

Answer 9

show the relative positions of atoms and the bonds between them

Question 10

structural formula

Answer 10

provides the minimum detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 11

skeletal formula

Answer 11

simplified structural formula drawn by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains

Question 12

unsaturated

Answer 12

organic chemicals contain at least one carbon-carbon double covalent bond

Question 13

hydrocarbons

Answer 13

compounds that contain only hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms

Question 14

saturated

Answer 14

organic compounds contain only single covalent bonds

Question 15

molecular formula

Answer 15

shows the numbers and type of the atoms of each element in a compound

Question 16

structural isomers

Answer 16

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 17

functional group

Answer 17

group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound

Question 18

stereoisomers

Answer 18

organic compounds with the same molecular formula and structural formula

but having different arrangements of atoms in space

Question 19

Cis-trans isomerism

Answer 19

type of E/Z isomerism in which the two substituent groups attached to both carbon atoms of the c=c bond are the same

Question 20

E/Z isomerism

Answer 20

type of stereoisomerism caused by the restricted rotation around the double bond- two different groups are attached to both carbon atoms of the C=C double bond