Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

Question 1

What are the two types of data?

Answer 1

• Quantitative
• Qualitative

Question 2

What are the 4 measurement scales?

Answer 2

1. Ratio data.
2. Interval data.
3. Ordinal data.
4. Categorical data.

Question 3

What are the characteristics of ratio data?

Answer 3

• Has a true zero point.
• Occurs at intervals.

Question 4

What are the characteristics of interval data?

Answer 4

• Placed in order.
• Specifies difference in scale points.

Question 5

What are the characteristics of ordinal data?

Answer 5

• Labels things.
• Places them along a continuum.

Question 6

What are the characteristics of nominal data?

Answer 6

• Labels or categorizes things.

Question 7

What is the most informative measurement scale?

Answer 7

Ratio data.

Question 8

What is the least informative measurement scale?

Answer 8

Nominal (categorical) data.

Question 9

Describing data is called:

Answer 9

descriptive statistics.

Question 10

Inferential statistics is:

Answer 10

making inferences from data.

Question 11

The goal of descriptive statistics is to characterise a _________ ____-set efficiently and ______________.

Answer 11

The goal of descriptive statistics is to characterise a numerical data-set efficiently and representatively.

Question 12

Desriptive statistics ________ and render _________ a multitude of information. However, it also tries to ________ the inevitable ____ that is involved with _________ so much info.

Answer 12

Desriptive statistics condense and render meaningful a multitude of information. However, it also tries to minimise the inevitable error that is involved with condensing so much info.

Question 13

The goal of inferential statistics is to infer the __________ of the ______ (population) from those of a ___ (sample) by going beyond the information so as to give ____ assertions, rather than _____ ones.

Answer 13

The goal of inferential statistics is to infer the characteristics of the whole (population) from those of a part (sample) by going beyond the information so as to give likely assertions, rather than certain ones.

Question 14

Sample statistics are used to estimate:

Answer 14

population parameters.

Question 15

English characters are used to describe:

Answer 15

samples.

Question 16

Greek characters are used to describe:

Answer 16

populations.

Question 17

The key idea of inferential statistics is that theoretical _______ distributions are composed of innumerable ______ samples.

Answer 17

The key idea of inferential statistics is that theoretical sampling distributions are composed of innumerable random samples.

Question 18

The key indices used in inferential statistics are:

_-______ and _________ _______.

Answer 18

The key indices used in inferential statistics are:

p-values and confidence intervals.

Question 19

What are the 3 measures of central tendency?

Answer 19

1. Mean
2. Median
3. Mode