Chapter 1: Basic Aerodynamics Flashcards
The angle chord line of an airfoil and the relative wind is known as the angle of
A - lift
B - attack
C - incidence
B - (angle of) attack
The term angle of attack is defined as the angle between the
A - chord line of the wing and the relative wind
B - airplane’s longitudinal axis and that of the air striking the airfoil
C - airplane’s center line and the relative wind
A - chord line of the wing and the relative wind
Which statement relates to Bernoulli’s principle?
A - For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
B - an additional upward force is generated as the lower surface of the airfoil deflects air downward
C - air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface
C - air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface
The four forces acting on an airplane in flight are
A - lift, weight, thrust, and drag
B - lift, weight, gravity, and thrust
C - lift, gravity, power, and fiction
A - lift, weight, thrust, and drag
What is the purpose of the rudder on an airplane?
A - To control yaw
B - to control overbanking tendency
C - To control roll
A - To control yaw
When are the four forces that act on an airplane in equilibrium?
A - during unaccelerated flight
B - when an aircraft is accelerating
C - when the aircraft is at rest on the ground
A - during unaccelerated flight
An airplane said to be inherently stable will
A - be difficult to stall
B - require less effort to control
C - not spin
B - require less effort to control
What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?
A - the location of the CG with respect to the center of lift
B - the effectiveness of the horizontal stabilizer, rudder, and rudder trim tab
C - the relationship of thrust and lift to weight and drag
A - the location of the CG with respect to the center of lift
What causes an airplane (except a T-tail) to pitch nose down when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted?
A - The CG shifts forward when thrust and drag are reduced
B - the downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced
C - when thrust is reduced to less then weight, lift is also reduced into the wings can no longer support the weight
B - the downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced
An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft of the aft CG limit. One undesirable flight characteristic a pilot might experience with this airplane would be
A - a longer takeoff run
B - difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition
C - stalling at higher-than-normal airspeed
B - difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition
What force makes an airplane turn?
A - the horizontal component of lift
B - the vertical component of lift
C - centrifugal force
A - the horizontal component of lift
During an approach to a stall, an increased load factor will cause the airplane to
A - stall at a higher airspeed
B - have a tendency to spin
C - be more difficult to control
A - stall at a higher airspeed
Select the four flight fundamentals involved in maneuvering an aircraft
A - aircraft power, pitch, bank, and trim
B - starting, taxing, take off, and landing
C - straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents
C - straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents
If any emergency situation requires a downwind landing, Pilots should expect a faster
A - airspeed at touchdown, a longer ground roll, and better control throughout the landing role.
B - groundspeed at touchdown, a longer ground roll, and the likelihood of overshooting the desired touchdown point.
C - groundspeed at touchdown, a shorter ground roll, and the likelihood of undershooting the desired touchdown point.
B - groundspeed at touchdown, a longer ground roll, and the likelihood of overshooting the desired touchdown point.
As altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will
A - decrease as the true airspeed decreases
B - decrease as the true airspeed increases
C - remain the same regardless of altitude
C - remain the same regardless of altitude
In what flight condition must an aircraft be placed in order to spin?
A - partially stalled with one wing low
B - in a steep diving spiral
C - stalled
C - stalled
During a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled?
A - both wings are stalled
B - neither wing is stalled
C - only the left wing is stalled
A - both wings are stalled
The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will
A - increase if the CG is moved forward
B - change with an increase in gross weight
C - remain the same regardless of gross weight
C - remain the same regardless of gross weight
Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be
A - less stable at all speeds
B - less stable at slow speeds
C - less stable at high speeds, but more stable at low speeds
A - less stable at all speeds
Changes in the center of pressure of a wing affect the aircraft’s
A - lift/drag ratio
B - lifting capacity
C - aerodynamic balance and controllability
C - aerodynamic balance and controllability
One of the main functions of flaps during approach and landing is
A - decrease the angle of descent without increasing the airspeed
B - permit a touchdown at a higher indicated airspeed
C - increase the angle of descent without increasing the air speed
C - increase the angle of descent without increasing the air speed
What is one purpose of wing flaps?
A - to enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed
B - to relieve the pilot of maintaining continuous pressure on the controls
C - to decrease wing area to vary the lift
A - to enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed
Ground effect is most likely to result in which problem?
A - settling to the surface abruptly during landing
B - becoming airborne before reaching recommended take-off speed
C - inability to get airborne even though airspeed is sufficient for normal takeoff needs
B - becoming airborne before reaching recommended take-off speed
What is ground effect?
A - the result of the interference of the surface of the Earth with the airflow patterns about an airplane
B - the result of an alteration in airflow patterns increasing induced drag about the wings of an airplane
C - The result of the disruption of thr airflow patterns about the wings of an airplane to the point where the wings will no longer support the airplane in flight
A - the result of the interference of the surface of the Earth with the airflow patterns about an airplane
Floating caused by the phenomenon of ground effect will be most realized during an approach to land when at
A - less than the length of the wingspan above the surface
B - twice the length of the wingspan above the surface
C - a higher-than-normal angle of attack
A - less than the length of the wingspan above the surface
What must a pilot be aware of as a result of ground effect?
A - wingtip vortices increase cresting wake turbulence problems for arriving and departing aircraft
B - induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating
C - a full stall landing will require less up elevator deflection than would a full stall when done free of ground effect
B - induced drag decreases; therefore, any excess speed at the point of flare may cause considerable floating
When landing behind a large aircraft, which procedure should be followed for vortex avoidance?
A - stay above its final approach flightpath all the way to touchdown
B - stay below and to one side of its final approach flightpath
C - stay well below its final approach flightpath and land at least 2,000 feet behind
A - stay above its final approach flightpath all the way to touchdown
How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip?
A - inward, upward, and around each tip
B - inward, upward, and counterclockwise
C - outward, upward and around
C - outward, upward and around
When taking off or landing at an airport where heavy aircraft are operating, one should be particularly alert to the hazards of wingtip vortices because this turbulence tends to
A - rise from a crossing runway into the take-off or landing path
B - rise into the traffic pattern area surrounding the airport
C - sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence
C - sink into the flightpath of aircraft operating below the aircraft generating the turbulence
Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is
A - operating at high speeds
B - heavily loaded
C - developing lift
C - developing lift
The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is
A - light, dirty, and fast
B - heavy, dirty, and fast
C - heavy, clean, and slow
C - heavy, clean, and slow
Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to
A - sink below the aircraft generating turbulence
B - rise into the traffic pattern
C - rise into the take-off or landing path of a crossing runway
A - sink below the aircraft generating turbulence
The wind condition that requires maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is
A - light, quartering headwind
B - light, quartering tailwind
C - strong headwind
B - light, quartering tailwind
When landing behind a large aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by staying
A - above the large aircraft’s final approach path and landing behind the large aircraft’s touchdown point
B - below the large aircraft’s final approach path and landing before the large aircraft’s touchdown point
C - above the large aircraft’s final approach path and landing before the large aircraft’s touchdown point
A - above the large aircraft’s final approach path and landing behind the large aircraft’s touchdown point
When departing behind a heavy aircraft, the pilot should avoid wake turbulence by maneuvering the aircraft
A - below and downwind from the heavy aircraft
B - above and upwind from the heavy aircraft
C - below and upwind from the heavy aircraft
B - above and upwind from the heavy aircraft
