Chapter 1 background and theories Flashcards
Describe John Locke’s theoriy of development.
What are problems with his theory?
Tabula Rasa; environmentalist.
People are blank slates at birth.
Nurture not nature.
Everything comes from experience; there are no innate morals.
He advised parents not to use physical reinforcement but mental. dont bean your boy, scold him. dont give your boy candy, give him verbal praise
His theory discounts IQ. he assumes any child can become a surgeon or baseball player.
Describe Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s theoriy of development.
Nativism;
Innate processes drive development.
Rousseau assumed children had innate knowledge which would unfold in time.
Any knowledge not known innately would be absorbed from interaction.
Describe Johann Gottfried Von Herder’s theory of development.
Cultural Relativism;
Found that different cultures had to be studied on their own terms.
Describe Charles Darwin’s theories discussed in class. how did he influence child development theories indirectly?
Darwin developed in natural selection;
Traits that permit survival are passed on.
He came up with the baby biography.
He didn’t directly address child development but he influenced recapitulation.
What is recapitulation? give an example.
The development of the individual follows the development of the species.
Humans have slits in the neck in utero. (fish ancestors)
What is the baby biography?
The baby biography is the intense study of ones child and their development.
Zeitgeist meaning.
Spirit of the times.
Who was G Stanley Hall? What is his significance?
G Stanley Hall is known as the father of child psychology and developmental psychology. His biggest impact is that he trained the first generation of developmental researchers, and started the American Psychological Association.
(plus he invited Freud to give a lecture in america)
Who is James Baldwin? What is his significance?
What did he work on?
He was the first academic psychologist in Canada. He was the first with an official psychology lab. He employed the baby biography method, and influenced Piaget.
Baldwin did research on Left right handedness, color vision, and suggestibility.
What was John B. Watsons approach to psychology? What did he disagree with?
John was a behaviorist, and he was Pavlovian in his understanding of how humans learn.
He opposed introspections as you can’t observe and measure the mind.
What is discontinuity?
The theory that people pass through stages of life that are qualitatively different from each other.
What is continuity
The theory that people continue through their lives without great changes.
Why study children?
Because children are in the most rapid period of growth, physically, emotionally, cognitively, and socially.
Studying children helps understand language.
What is cognition
The ability to think and imitate executive function
Is Nature vs Nurture true? if not then what is it?
Not true. Nature via nurture.
