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Science 10 - Unit 1 (Chemistry) > Chapter 1: Atoms, Elements & Compounds > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Atoms, Elements & Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What does MSDS stand for?

A

M - Material
S - Safety
D - Data
S - Sheet

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2
Q

What info would you expect to find on MSDS?

A

You would find info on physical properties - (melting and boiling point, odour, chemical hazards)

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3
Q

What does WHMIS stand for?

A 
W - Workplace
H - Hazardous
M - Materials
I - Information
S - System
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4
Q

What are 3 ways in which WHMIS ensures workers have the info they need about substances they utilize?

A
  1. WHMIS Labels
  2. MSDS
  3. Worker Education
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5
Q

What is Matter?

A
  • Anything with mass and volume

- Could be solid, liquid or gas

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6
Q

What is a Mixture?

A
  • Combinations of matter than can be divided by physical means.
  • It does not have a definite composition.
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7
Q

What is a Heterogeneous Mixture (Mechanical Mixture)

A
  • different elements of the mixture that are easily seen.

- composition is changing throughout the mixture.

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8
Q

What is a Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)

A
  • Different elements which are not easily seen.

- Composition is table or steady throughout the mixture.

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9
Q

What is a Pure Substance?

A
  • Matter with a definite composition.
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10
Q

What is a Element?

A
  • It cannot be chemically broken down into an easy substance.
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11
Q

What is a Compound?

A
  • 2 or more components or pieces that are chemically combined.
  • Can be divided chemically into an easy substance.
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12
Q

What is the order of the model/theories?

A
  1. Dalton Model (Billiard Ball)
  2. Thomson Model (Raisin Bun)
  3. Rutherford Model (Solar System)
  4. Bohr Model (Energy Levels)
  5. Quantum Mechanics
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13
Q

What is the Dalton Model about?

A
  • This is the Solid Sphere Model
  • It is the Billiard Ball Model.
  • Dalton atoms were indivisible particles which could not be formed or destroyed.
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14
Q

What is the Thomson Model?

A
  • It is the Plum Pudding Model

- It is the Raisin Bun Model

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15
Q

What is the Rutherford Model?

A

This model is when electrons are orbiting around the nucleus.
- It is fondly called the Solar System Model.

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16
Q

What is the Bohr Model ?

A
  • It is when Electrons exist at specific energy levels.

- This is about Energy Levels.

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17
Q

What is the Quantum Mechanics about?

A

This is when protons and electrons are together to form nucleons.

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18
Q

What is a Gas Discharge Tube?

A

A secured glass vessel which includes a gas at low pressure.

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19
Q

What does Atomic Number mean?

A

of protons in the nucleus.

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20
Q

What does Mass Number mean?

A

Total # of protons and electrons.

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21
Q

What is the Formula?

A

Mass # - Atomic # = # of neutrons

22
Q

What is the horizontal row called on the Periodic Table?

A

Periods

23
Q

What is the vertical column called on the Periodic Table?

A

Groups or Families

24
Q

What is Group 1 called on the Periodic Table?

A

Alkali Metals

25
Q

What is Group 2 called on the Periodic Table?

A

Alkaline Earth Metals

26
Q

What is Group 17 called on the Periodic Table?

A

Halogens

27
Q

What is Group 18 called on the Periodic Table?

A

Noble Gases

28
Q

What is Groups 3-12 called on the Periodic Table?

A

Transition Metals

29
Q

What does Stable Octet mean?

A

It means the organization of 8 electrons in the outermost occupied energy level.

30
Q

What does Valence Energy Level mean?

A

It means the outermost occupied energy level of an atom.

31
Q

What does Valence Electrons mean?

A

Electrons occupying that level. The level I am referring to is the (Valence Energy Level)

32
Q 
period = #of energy levels
group = #of valence electrons
A 
period = #of energy levels
group = #of valence electrons
33
Q

The 1st Energy Level can hold a maximum of how many electrons?

A

2 Electrons

34
Q

The 2nd Energy Level can hold a maximum of how many electrons?

A

8 Electrons

35
Q

What is a Cation?

A

Positively charged ions.

36
Q

What is a Anion?

A

Negatively charged ions.

37
Q

What happens in Binary Ionic Compounds?

A

What happens is that metals reacts with non-metals.

38
Q

What are properties of Metals?

A
  • They are solids at room temperature.
  • They have a shiny lustre.
  • They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
  • It is malleable and ductile.
39
Q

What are properties of Non-Metals?

A
  • Some gases at room temperature
  • Some solids
  • One liquid (bromine)
  • It is not very shiny.
  • They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
  • They are brittle and not ductile.
40
Q

What are properties of Metalloids?

A
  • They are solids at room temperature
  • Some are shiny and the others are dull
  • Some conduct electricity
  • They are also poor conductors of heat
  • They are brittle and not ductile.
41
Q

What are characteristics of Alkali Metals?

A
  • They are shiny solids.
  • They are very soft, malleable and ductile.
  • They react easily with water and other substances.
  • They have 1 valence electron.
42
Q

What are characteristics of Halogens?

A
  • Chlorine and Flourine are gases.
  • Bromine is a liquid.
  • Iodine is a solid.
  • They react with metallic elements to form substances called salts.
  • They have 7 valence electrons.
43
Q

What are characteristics of Alkaline Earth Metals?

A
  • They are shiny solids.
  • They are malleable and ductile.
  • They react with oxygen to form substances called oxides.
  • They have 2 valence electrons.
44
Q

What are characteristics of Noble Gases?

A
  • They are colorless gases
  • They are very unlikely to take part in chemical reactions.
  • They have 8 valence electrons.
45
Q

What are ionic compounds?

A

Compounds composed of ions.

46
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A

A chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

47
Q

What is a crystal lattice?

A

The three-dimensional pattern of alternating positive and negative ions in an ionic compound.

48
Q

What is a Molecule?

A

A group of two or more atoms connected in a specific arrangement by covalent bonds.

49
Q

What is a Molecular Compound?

A

A compound composed of molecules.

50
Q

What are cathode rays?

A

Rays of light produced when electricity flows through a gas discharge tube.

Science 10 - Unit 1 (Chemistry) (3 decks)

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