Chapter 1: Atoms, Elements & Compounds

Question 1

What does MSDS stand for?

Answer 1

M - Material
S - Safety
D - Data
S - Sheet

Question 2

What info would you expect to find on MSDS?

Answer 2

You would find info on physical properties - (melting and boiling point, odour, chemical hazards)

Question 3

What does WHMIS stand for?

Answer 3

W - Workplace
H - Hazardous
M - Materials
I - Information
S - System

Question 4

What are 3 ways in which WHMIS ensures workers have the info they need about substances they utilize?

Answer 4

1. WHMIS Labels
2. MSDS
3. Worker Education

Question 5

What is Matter?

Answer 5

• Anything with mass and volume

- Could be solid, liquid or gas

Question 6

What is a Mixture?

Answer 6

• Combinations of matter than can be divided by physical means.
• It does not have a definite composition.

Question 7

What is a Heterogeneous Mixture (Mechanical Mixture)

Answer 7

• different elements of the mixture that are easily seen.

- composition is changing throughout the mixture.

Question 8

What is a Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)

Answer 8

• Different elements which are not easily seen.

- Composition is table or steady throughout the mixture.

Question 9

What is a Pure Substance?

Answer 9

• Matter with a definite composition.

Question 10

What is a Element?

Answer 10

• It cannot be chemically broken down into an easy substance.

Question 11

What is a Compound?

Answer 11

• 2 or more components or pieces that are chemically combined.
• Can be divided chemically into an easy substance.

Question 12

What is the order of the model/theories?

Answer 12

1. Dalton Model (Billiard Ball)
2. Thomson Model (Raisin Bun)
3. Rutherford Model (Solar System)
4. Bohr Model (Energy Levels)
5. Quantum Mechanics

Question 13

What is the Dalton Model about?

Answer 13

• This is the Solid Sphere Model
• It is the Billiard Ball Model.
• Dalton atoms were indivisible particles which could not be formed or destroyed.

Question 14

What is the Thomson Model?

Answer 14

• It is the Plum Pudding Model

- It is the Raisin Bun Model

Question 15

What is the Rutherford Model?

Answer 15

This model is when electrons are orbiting around the nucleus.
- It is fondly called the Solar System Model.

Question 16

What is the Bohr Model ?

Answer 16

• It is when Electrons exist at specific energy levels.

- This is about Energy Levels.

Question 17

What is the Quantum Mechanics about?

Answer 17

This is when protons and electrons are together to form nucleons.

Question 18

What is a Gas Discharge Tube?

Answer 18

A secured glass vessel which includes a gas at low pressure.

Question 19

What does Atomic Number mean?

Answer 19

of protons in the nucleus.

Question 20

What does Mass Number mean?

Answer 20

Total # of protons and electrons.

Question 21

What is the Formula?

Answer 21

Mass # - Atomic # = # of neutrons

Question 22

What is the horizontal row called on the Periodic Table?

Answer 22

Periods

Question 23

What is the vertical column called on the Periodic Table?

Answer 23

Groups or Families

Question 24

What is Group 1 called on the Periodic Table?

Answer 24

Alkali Metals

Question 25

What is Group 2 called on the Periodic Table?

Answer 25

Alkaline Earth Metals

Question 26

What is Group 17 called on the Periodic Table?

Answer 26

Halogens

Question 27

What is Group 18 called on the Periodic Table?

Answer 27

Noble Gases

Question 28

What is Groups 3-12 called on the Periodic Table?

Answer 28

Transition Metals

Question 29

What does Stable Octet mean?

Answer 29

It means the organization of 8 electrons in the outermost occupied energy level.

Question 30

What does Valence Energy Level mean?

Answer 30

It means the outermost occupied energy level of an atom.

Question 31

What does Valence Electrons mean?

Answer 31

Electrons occupying that level. The level I am referring to is the (Valence Energy Level)

Question 32

``` period = #of energy levels group = #of valence electrons ```

Answer 32

``` period = #of energy levels group = #of valence electrons ```

Question 33

The 1st Energy Level can hold a maximum of how many electrons?

Answer 33

2 Electrons

Question 34

The 2nd Energy Level can hold a maximum of how many electrons?

Answer 34

8 Electrons

Question 35

What is a Cation?

Answer 35

Positively charged ions.

Question 36

What is a Anion?

Answer 36

Negatively charged ions.

Question 37

What happens in Binary Ionic Compounds?

Answer 37

What happens is that metals reacts with non-metals.

Question 38

What are properties of Metals?

Answer 38

- They are solids at room temperature. - They have a shiny lustre. - They are good conductors of heat and electricity. - It is malleable and ductile.

Question 39

What are properties of Non-Metals?

Answer 39

- Some gases at room temperature - Some solids - One liquid (bromine) - It is not very shiny. - They are poor conductors of heat and electricity. - They are brittle and not ductile.

Question 40

What are properties of Metalloids?

Answer 40

- They are solids at room temperature - Some are shiny and the others are dull - Some conduct electricity - They are also poor conductors of heat - They are brittle and not ductile.

Question 41

What are characteristics of Alkali Metals?

Answer 41

- They are shiny solids. - They are very soft, malleable and ductile. - They react easily with water and other substances. - They have 1 valence electron.

Question 42

What are characteristics of Halogens?

Answer 42

- Chlorine and Flourine are gases. - Bromine is a liquid. - Iodine is a solid. - They react with metallic elements to form substances called salts. - They have 7 valence electrons.

Question 43

What are characteristics of Alkaline Earth Metals?

Answer 43

- They are shiny solids. - They are malleable and ductile. - They react with oxygen to form substances called oxides. - They have 2 valence electrons.

Question 44

What are characteristics of Noble Gases?

Answer 44

- They are colorless gases - They are very unlikely to take part in chemical reactions. - They have 8 valence electrons.

Question 45

What are ionic compounds?

Answer 45

Compounds composed of ions.

Question 46

What are covalent bonds?

Answer 46

A chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

Question 47

What is a crystal lattice?

Answer 47

The three-dimensional pattern of alternating positive and negative ions in an ionic compound.

Question 48

What is a Molecule?

Answer 48

A group of two or more atoms connected in a specific arrangement by covalent bonds.

Question 49

What is a Molecular Compound?

Answer 49

A compound composed of molecules.

Question 50

What are cathode rays?

Answer 50

Rays of light produced when electricity flows through a gas discharge tube.