Chapter 1 - Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table

Question 1

Where is the nucleus in an atom located?

Answer 1

The Middle of an atom.

Question 2

What does the nucleus of an atom contain?

Answer 2

Protons and Neutrons.

Question 3

What is the charge of a nucleus and why?

Answer 3

Overall positive because the protons have a positive charge and neutrons have no charge.

Question 4

Where is the majority of the atoms mass found?

Answer 4

In the nucleus.

Question 5

What charge do electrons have?

Answer 5

A negative charge.

Question 6

Where can electrons be found?

Answer 6

They occupy shells which orbit around the nucleus.

Question 7

The charge of electrons equals the…

Answer 7

Same size and the protons, but opposite.

Question 8

Properties of protons:

Answer 8

Heavy and positvely charged.

Question 9

Properties of neutrons are:

Answer 9

Heavy and neutral [no charge]

Question 10

Properties of electrons are:

Answer 10

Tiny and negatively charged.

Question 11

How heavy are electrons?

Answer 11

They have virtually no mass.

Question 12

What are the rules of electron shells?

Answer 12

1. Electrons are in shells (or energy levels)
2. The lowest energy levels are always filled first (closest to the nucleus.
3. 2 electrons allowed in 1st shell. 8 electrons in 2nd shell. 8 electrons in 3rd shell.
4. Atoms are better with full shells.
5. When an outer shell isn’t full, atoms want to react.

Question 13

How do you find out the electronic configuration of an atom?

Answer 13

1. Find out number of protons (it equals the same electrons)

Question 14

How many different types of atoms are in elements?

Answer 14

Elements only have one atom type.

Question 15

What is the atomic number?

Answer 15

The bottom number on the element it tells us the number of protons in an atom (and electrons too)

Question 16

What is the mass number of an element and what does it tell us?

Answer 16

Top number on element, it tells us the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom.

Question 17

Why is the atomic number unique to an element?

Answer 17

No two elements have the same number of protons. (E.g oxygen only has 8 protons)

Question 18

How can we tell the difference between mass number and atomic number?

Answer 18

The mass number is roughly double the atomic number - meaning the mass number is the bigger and the atomic number is the smaller one.

Question 19

What are isotopes? Give an example.

Answer 19

They are different atomic forms of the same element e.g. Liquid oxygen and oxygen gas.

Question 20

How are Isotopes different to their original forms?

Answer 20

They have exactly the same number of protons, but different mass numbers.

Question 21

What is relative atomic mass?

Answer 21

the ratio of the average mass of one atom of an element to one twelfth of the mass of an atom

Question 22

Steps to work out RAM?

Answer 22

1. Multiply mass of each isotopes by the relative abundance.
2. Add together.
3. Divide by sum of relative abundances.

Question 23

What is relative abundance?

Answer 23

How much there is of each isotope compared to the total amount of the element in the world.

Question 24

When was the discovery of the periodic table?

Answer 24

1869.

Question 25

Who arranged the groups in the periodic table?

Answer 25

Mendeleev, a Russian scientist.

Question 26

How did Mendeleev arrange the elements?

Answer 26

According to their properties and the properties of their compounds. He placed elements
With similar chemical properties in vertical groups.

Question 27

What are the periods in the periodic table?

Answer 27

1. The rows of the periodic table are called periods.
2. They are organised in order of increasing atomic number.
3. The period number is the same number of electron shells.

Question 28

What are the groups?

Answer 28

1. Columns are called the groups.
2. The elements in the columns have similar properties.
3. The group number equals the number of electrons in outer shell.