Chapter 1 - Atomic structure

Question 1

Define atom

Answer 1

The basic building block of all matter

Question 2

Define element

Answer 2

A substance made of only one type of atom

Question 3

Define compound

Answer 3

A substance made of more than one type of atom chemically joined

Question 4

Define molecule

Answer 4

A substance made of different or the same type of atom

Question 5

Is a group vertical or horizontal?

Answer 5

Vertical

Question 6

Is a period vertical or horizontal?

Answer 6

Horizontal

Question 7

What are the state symbols?

Answer 7

Solid- s
Liquid- l
Gas- g
Aqueous solutions- aq

Question 8

What is conservation of mass?

Answer 8

The law that no atoms are gained or lost in a chemical reaction

Question 9

what is the mass and charge of a proton, neutron and an electron?

Answer 9

proton = mass  1 , charge  +1
neutron = mass  1 , charge  0
electron = mass  0 , charge  -1

Question 10

what is the mass number?

Answer 10

the number of protons and neutrons

Question 11

what is the atomic number?

Answer 11

the number of protons

Question 12

how do you work out the number of neutrons

Answer 12

the mass number - the atomic number

Question 13

how many electrons does the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd shell of an atom hold?

Answer 13

1st = 2
2nd = 8
3rd = 8

Question 14

what was Rutherford’s experiment? What did he do?

Answer 14

Geiger and Marsden were students of Rutherford. They took a piece of gold foil and fired alpha particles at it. Most particles passed through the thin sheet of metal. However, a few were deflected by the centers of the metal atoms and a tiny number were repelled back to the source.

Question 15

what was Bohr’s idea of the model of the atom?

Answer 15

electrons are found in the shell

Question 16

What model of the atom did Thompson come up with?

Answer 16

the “plum pudding” model - a positively charged ball with negative electrons

Question 17

What did Dalton discover about the atom?

Answer 17

That all atoms of an element are identical

Question 18

What is Rutherford’s model of the atom?

Answer 18

The “nuclear” model

Question 19

what is an ion?

Answer 19

an positively or negatively charged atom

Question 20

what is an isotope?

Answer 20

Isotopes are different forms of the same element. Atoms of the same isotope always have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. This means that isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number.

Question 21

is an ion that gained electrons positively or negatively charged?

Answer 21

negeative