CHAPTER 1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE Flashcards
What are all substances made up of
Atoms
What does the periodic table do
List all the chemical elements, with 8 main groups each containing elements with similar chemical properties
How many types of atom does an element contain
1
How many types of atom does an compound contain
2 or more
What does an atom include
A tiny nucleus made of protons and neutrons with electrons in shells orbiting said nucelus
Why is a compound hard to break down compared to a mixture
As in a mixture atoms aren’t chemically bonded whereas in a compound they are which is very hard to break, requiring lot’s of energy
Time line of history of atom (before 1897,1911,1913,1932)
Before - indivisible
1897(Thomson) - electron discovered, plum pudding model (atom is a ball of charge with electrons scattered)
1911(Rutherford) - nucleus discovered, nuclear model, mass concentrated at centre(nucleus) with charge
1913(bohr) - shells discovered, nuclear model, electrons in shell orbiting the nucleus
1932(Chadwick) - neutrons discovered in nucleus, current model
How was the nucleus of an atom discovered by rutherford
Students of Rutherford took gold foil and fired alpha particles at it. Most particles passed through the thin sheet of metal however a few deflected by the centre of the metal atoms and a tiny number were repelled back to the source
What is the top number of a element and what subatomic particles does it include
Mass number = protons + neutrons
What is the bottom number of a element and what subatomic particles does it include
Atomic number = protons (which is same number of electrons)
Relative charge and mass of each subatomic particle
Proton = +1, 1
Neutron = 0,1
Electron = -1,1/2000
Why is every atom neutral
As every atom has an equal number of electrons and protons as their negative and positive charges cancel out.
What is an ion
A charged atom (or group of atoms)
What type of elements want to gain or lose electrons
Non metals want to gain electrons
Metals want to loose electrons
What type of ion are formed if you loose or gain electrons
Atoms that gain electrons form negative ions.
Atoms that loose electrons form positive ions.
What are isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. They have identical chemical properties but their physical properties such as density differ.
Why do isotopes of same element same element have identical chemical properties
As isotopes of the same element have the same numbers of electrons.
How many electrons can energy shells hold
1st - 2
All the rest - 8
What do the number of energy shells tell you
What period that element is in
What does the amount of electrons in outer shell tell you
What group that element is in
What does the number of electrons in outer shell determine
In which way the element reacts
What is covalent bonding
When elements share electrons
What is ionic bonding
The transferring of electrons between metals and non metal elements
