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MCAT Chemistry > Chapter 1 (Atomic Structure) > Flashcards

Chapter 1 (Atomic Structure) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main three branches of chemistry (as will be presented on the MCAT)?

A
  1. General chemistry (inorganic chemistry)
  2. Organic chemistry
  3. Biochemistry
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2
Q

What portion of the MCAT does Chemistry directly apply to?

A

Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems

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3
Q

The varying distances at which electrons move around the nucleus correspond to their…

A

varying levels of electrical potential energy.

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4
Q

The electrons ______ to the nucleus are at lower energy levels, while those that are ______ (in higher ELECTRON SHELLS) have higher energy.

A

lower, higher

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5
Q

Electrons that are farthest from the nucleus have the strongest ________ with the surrounding environments and the weakest with the nucleus. What are these called?

A

interactions; valence electrons

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6
Q

Valence electrons are much more likely to become involved in bonds with other atoms because they experience the least __________ pull from their own nucleus.

A

electrostatic

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7
Q

Generally speaking, valence electrons determine the _________ of an atom.

A

reactivity

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8
Q

Losing ________ results in the atom gaining a positive charge, while gaining them results in the atom gaining a negative charge.

A

electrons

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9
Q

A positively charged atom is called a _______.

A negatively charged atom is called an ______.

A

cation

anion

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10
Q

Protons and neutrons are located in the _______, while electrons are only ORBITALS.

A

nucleus

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11
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

0

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12
Q

Which subatomic particle is the most important for determining the atom’s isotope?

A

Neutron

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13
Q

Which subatomic particle is the most important for determining the atom’s charge?

A

Electron

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14
Q

Z is used in equations to represent…

A

atomic number

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15
Q

Mass number (number of protons + number of neutrons) is represented as…

A

A

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16
Q

Isotopes are atoms of a same element that have different numbers of ________, but the same number of ________ and ________.

A

neutrons, protons and electrons

17
Q

The weighted average of the different isotopes of a given element.

A

atomic weight

18
Q

Stability of an isotope corresponds with the _______ of an isotope.

A

half-life

19
Q

Generally, longer-lasting isotopes are….

A

more abundant in nature.

20
Q

Avogrado’s number is…

A

6.022 x 10^23

21
Q

This represents both the mass of the “average” atom of that element in amu AS WELL AS the mass of one mole of that same element, in grams.

A

Atomic weight

22
Q

This is a weighted average of naturally occurring isotopes of a given element.

A

atomic weight

23
Q

g/mol is the formula for…

A

molar mass

24
Q

___ ____ proved that energy emitted as electromagnetic radiation from matter comes in discrete bundles called _____.

A

Max Planck, quanta

25
Q

The Planck relation is an equation that reflects the ______ of a ______.

A

energy, quantum

26
Q

h is a proportionality constant known as _______ _______.

A

Planck’s constant

27
Q

What is Planck’s relation equation?

A

E = hf

28
Q

True or False: Planck’s constant is equal to 6.626 x 10^ -34 J * s

A

True

29
Q

In Planck’s relation (E = hf), f is…

A

the frequency of radiation

30
Q

_____ _____ predicted that the possible values for the angular momentum of an electron orbiting a hydrogen nucleus could be given by what equation?

A

Niels Bohr; L = nh/2π

31
Q

n = 1 represents what?

A

The ground state of an atom, wherein all electrons are in the lowest possible orbitals.

32
Q

The electron is in an _______ state when at least one electron has moved to a subshell of higher than normal energy.

A

excited

33
Q

_________ is the basis for the color compounds. We see the color of the light that is NOT _______ by the compound.

A

absorption, absorbed

34
Q

What is Planck’s constant?

A

6.626 x 10^-34 J * s

wherein J represents Joules and s represents time

MCAT Chemistry (1 decks)

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