Chapter 1 - Atomic Strcuture + Hazard Symbols Flashcards
Describe the symbol for a toxic substance. (1 mark)
Skull and Cross-bones
Describe the symbol for a corrosive substance. (1 mark)
A living tissue and a hand being burned/destroyed by the chemical. (2 separate tubes).
Describe the symbol for a explosive substance. (1 mark)
An object imploding projectiles.
Describe the symbol for a flammable substance. (1 mark)
A fire.
Describe the symbol for a caution substance.
An explanation mark.
A toxic substance is …. (1 mark)
A chemical that represents a great risk of causing death by poisoning.
A corrosive substance is … (1 mark)
A chemical that can burn and destroy living tissue.
An explosive substance is … (1 mark)
A chemical that may explode if heated, knocked or exposed to a flame.
A flammable substance is … (1 mark)
A chemical that in contact with air may catch fire easily.
A caution substance is … (1 mark)
A chemical that may cause an allergic skin reaction.
Explain the plum pudding model. (2 marks)
The theory was that in an atom there were rings of negative electrons embedded in a sphere of positive charge. This was like the currants (electrons) in the Christmas cake (nucleus).
Why do all atoms have no charge? (1 mark)
As atoms contain the same number of protons (positive) and electrons (negative). These charges cancel out to give an overall charge of 0.
What is an isotope? (2 marks)
An isotope is an atom of the same element which contains the Same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What is the Center of the atom? (1 mark)
The nucleus.
What is the relative charge and relative mass of an electron? (2 marks)
-1
1/1840
What is the relative charge and relative mass of a neutron? (2 marks)
0
1
What is the relative charge and relative mass of a proton? (2 marks)
+1
1
How do you calculate an atoms relative atomic mass? (2 marks)
A weighted average.
75% element X35 (mass number = no. of protons + neutrons)
25% element X37
75x35 + 25x37
————— = 35.5 (Relative atomic mass)
100
Who discovered the Neutron? (1 mark)
David Chadwick
Suggest one feature of the neutron which made it difficult to detect. (1 mark)
It had no overall charge.
Who developed the plum pudding model? (1 mark)
J.J. Thomson
Who developed the modern diagram of the atomic structure in the beginning of the 20th century? (1 mark)
Ernest Rutherford.
What is an ion? (1 mark)
An ion is an atom that has either gained or lost electrons in order to obtain a stable outer shell, this will then either give the ion a positive or negative charge which allows it to be ionically bonded to another ion (electrostatic attraction).
Ionic bonds happen with a _____ atom and a _______ atom
Metal atom and a non-Metal atom.
