Chapter 1 - Atomic Strcuture + Hazard Symbols

Question 1

Describe the symbol for a toxic substance. (1 mark)

Answer 1

Skull and Cross-bones

Question 2

Describe the symbol for a corrosive substance. (1 mark)

Answer 2

A living tissue and a hand being burned/destroyed by the chemical. (2 separate tubes).

Question 3

Describe the symbol for a explosive substance. (1 mark)

Answer 3

An object imploding projectiles.

Question 4

Describe the symbol for a flammable substance. (1 mark)

Answer 4

A fire.

Question 5

Describe the symbol for a caution substance.

Answer 5

An explanation mark.

Question 6

A toxic substance is …. (1 mark)

Answer 6

A chemical that represents a great risk of causing death by poisoning.

Question 7

A corrosive substance is … (1 mark)

Answer 7

A chemical that can burn and destroy living tissue.

Question 8

An explosive substance is … (1 mark)

Answer 8

A chemical that may explode if heated, knocked or exposed to a flame.

Question 9

A flammable substance is … (1 mark)

Answer 9

A chemical that in contact with air may catch fire easily.

Question 10

A caution substance is … (1 mark)

Answer 10

A chemical that may cause an allergic skin reaction.

Question 11

Explain the plum pudding model. (2 marks)

Answer 11

The theory was that in an atom there were rings of negative electrons embedded in a sphere of positive charge. This was like the currants (electrons) in the Christmas cake (nucleus).

Question 12

Why do all atoms have no charge? (1 mark)

Answer 12

As atoms contain the same number of protons (positive) and electrons (negative). These charges cancel out to give an overall charge of 0.

Question 13

What is an isotope? (2 marks)

Answer 13

An isotope is an atom of the same element which contains the Same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 14

What is the Center of the atom? (1 mark)

Answer 14

The nucleus.

Question 15

What is the relative charge and relative mass of an electron? (2 marks)

Answer 15

-1

1/1840

Question 16

What is the relative charge and relative mass of a neutron? (2 marks)

Answer 16

0

1

Question 17

What is the relative charge and relative mass of a proton? (2 marks)

Answer 17

+1

1

Question 18

How do you calculate an atoms relative atomic mass? (2 marks)

Answer 18

A weighted average.
75% element X35 (mass number = no. of protons + neutrons)
25% element X37

75x35 + 25x37
————— = 35.5 (Relative atomic mass)
100

Question 19

Who discovered the Neutron? (1 mark)

Answer 19

David Chadwick

Question 20

Suggest one feature of the neutron which made it difficult to detect. (1 mark)

Answer 20

It had no overall charge.

Question 21

Who developed the plum pudding model? (1 mark)

Answer 21

J.J. Thomson

Question 22

Who developed the modern diagram of the atomic structure in the beginning of the 20th century? (1 mark)

Answer 22

Ernest Rutherford.

Question 23

What is an ion? (1 mark)

Answer 23

An ion is an atom that has either gained or lost electrons in order to obtain a stable outer shell, this will then either give the ion a positive or negative charge which allows it to be ionically bonded to another ion (electrostatic attraction).

Question 24

Ionic bonds happen with a _____ atom and a _______ atom

Answer 24

Metal atom and a non-Metal atom.