Chapter 1: Anthropology in a Global Age

Question 1

Anthropology

Answer 1

study of past and present human diversity and the application of that knowledge to help people understand one another

Question 2

Over half of today’s anthropologists work in what?

Answer 2

Applied anthropology

Question 3

Ethnocentrism

Answer 3

belief that one’s own culture is “normal” or natural and using this view to evaluate other cultures

Question 4

What fields make up US-based anthropology’s “four-field approach?”

Answer 4

Biological anthropology
Archaeology
Linguistic anthropology
Cultural anthropology

Question 5

Holism

Answer 5

anthropology’s commitment to looking at the entire human life

Question 6

Biological Anthropology

Answer 6

study of human biology and how they developed over time

Question 7

Paleoanthropology

Answer 7

study of human fossil record to analyze evolution

Question 8

Primatology

Answer 8

study of living, nonhuman primates and fossils to understand early human behavior

Question 9

Archaeology

Answer 9

study of human past through artifacts

Question 10

Prehistoric Archaeology

Answer 10

archaeology with focus on artifacts prior to written record

Question 11

Historic Archaeology

Answer 11

archaeology with focus on recent past, combining physical artifacts and written/oral record

Question 12

Linguistic Anthropology

Answer 12

study of past and present through human language

Question 13

What do descriptive linguists study?

Answer 13

Spoken language; work to preserve in written record

Question 14

What do historic linguists study?

Answer 14

Changes in language within and across cultures

Question 15

What do sociolinguists study?

Answer 15

Language in social and cultural context

Question 16

Cultural Anthropology

Answer 16

study of people’s everyday lives and communities

Question 17

Participant Observation

Answer 17

living and working with people in studied community for a long period of time

Question 18

Ethnology

Answer 18

process of comparing and analyzing ethnographic data across cultures

Question 19

What are the four key dynamics of globalization?

Answer 19

Time-Space Compression
Flexible Accumulation
Increasing Migration
Uneven Development

Question 20

Time-Space Compression

Answer 20

idea that rapid innovation of communication and transportation changed how humans view distance and time

Question 21

Flexible Accumulation

Answer 21

advancement in communication and transport changed business strategies of making profits

Question 22

Increasing Migration

Answer 22

accelerated movement of people within/between countries

Question 23

Uneven Development

Answer 23

unequal distribution of the benefits of globalization

Question 24

Cultural Relativism

Answer 24

understanding a group’s beliefs and practices within their own cultural context, without judgement

Question 25

Ethnographic Fieldwork

Answer 25

a primary research strategy in cultural anthropology typically involving living and interacting with a community of people over an extended period to better understand their lives