Chapter 1 and Chapter 2

Question 1

What does a communication disorder do?

Answer 1

impairs the ability to both receive and send, and also process and comprehend concepts or verbal, nonverbal, and graphic information

Question 2

How do professionals approach these disorders?

Answer 2

A holistic approach

Question 3

what does is a holistic approach?

Answer 3

Not just diagnosing and treating the disorder but looking at what is best suited for the patient

Question 4

what is an audiologist ?

Answer 4

a person who measures hearing ability and identifies assesses, manages, and prevents disorders
includes auditory processes disorders and balances
and gives hearing aids

Question 5

what is a speech-language pathologist?

Answer 5

a person who identifies, assesses, treats, and prevents expressive and receptive disorders in all modalities.
provide services for swallowing & be involved in modifying dialects

Question 6

educational requirements for audiologist?

Answer 6

3-5 years of professional education beyond the bachelor’s degree
either an AuD, PhD, or EdD in audiology AKA doctoral
ASHA CCC-A: Requires doctorate, professional experience, national exam.
State license is needed and is frequently identical to ASHA CCC

Question 7

educational requirements for PSL?

Answer 7

require at least a bachelor’s degree, but most states require a master’s degree. [Requirements vary from state to state.]
ASHA CCC-SLP: Requires master’s degree or doctorate, professional experience, professional development, national exam.
State license often needed and is frequently identical to ASHA CCC. There may also be additional requirements for the state’s department of education school certification.

Question 8

what is a telepratice?

Answer 8

a person provides language assessment and intervention via the internet

Question 9

What is a Speech, language, and hearing scientist?

Answer 9

someone with lots of knowledge of human communication processes and disorder
more about doing science for the sake of sciences
aka: basic research, investigating, examining, cross conduct cultural studies

Question 10

What is a team approach involve?

Answer 10

include family members, regular and special education teachers, psychologists, social workers, physicians and other medical personnel, and occupational, physical, and music therapists. They may collaborate with physicists and engineers.

Question 11

True/ False: Does communication disorders have a service limit?

Answer 11

False,
this profession provides a lifespan of services and continues to grow as more children are born with communication disorders,[like austum] and as the population ages.
examples of people who need these services: people over the age of 65, who suffer from strokes, school-age children with academic and social difficulties, babies etc…

Question 12

What is evidence-based practice? [EBP]

Answer 12

provide the most effective intervention based on available evidence
How: Clinical decision-making - Combining scientific evidence, clinical experience, and client needs.

Question 13

what are the three E’s in EBP

Answer 13

efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency

Question 14

Define effiCACY

Answer 14

The probability of benefit from an intervention under ideal conditions.
Ideal example- lamar lab,
three key elements:
Identifies population not individuals
The treatment should be focused & the population should be clearly identified
Research should be conducted under optimal intervention conditions, although actual clinical conditions may be less than ideal.

*CACY- Irish for watchful

Question 15

define EffectiveNESS

Answer 15

The probability of benefit from an intervention method under average conditions AKA: does it work in the real world

Question 16

define EfficienNCY

Answer 16

The quickest and least effortful method resulting in the greatest positive benefit.
*NCY motorsports- quick

Question 17

More EBP factors

Answer 17

clinician’s expertise, experience, attitude, and motivation, client/family values and characteristics, and service delivery variables.

Question 18

Overview of EBP:

Answer 18

1. Providing the best intervention possible is off for most concern.
2. Intervention options and supporting evidence should be discussed with clients and/or family members

Question 19

Define articulation disorder

Answer 19

a speech condition that has no known cause and is described as having difficulties with enunciating one or more speech sounds. Some examples include lisps like struggling to pronounce s and z, swapping r and er, and substituting the th, I, sh, and ch sounds.

Question 20

define voice disorder

Answer 20

a condition in which a person’s vocal cords do not vibrate or move enough in order to create a voice. The cause behind voice disorders lies in a disruption occurring in the respiratory, laryngeal, and vocal tract. Some examples that fall under this category include incorrect pitch for someone’s age, improper voice loudness, laryngitis, scarred vocal cords as well as issues that stem from acid reflux, allergies, chronic cough, and swallowing difficulties.

Question 21

define resonance disorder

Answer 21

refers to an excessive or insufficient sound to the oral and nasal cavities. The most common reasons this disorder emerges are due to cleft palate, hearing loss, and enlarged tonsils which prevent the velopharyngeal from closing. Some symptoms of a resonance disorder include hypernasality which refers to too much nasal sound on vowels, hyponasality which is where there is a limited nasal resonance on vowels, cul-de-sac resonance refers to a sound getting blocked in the cavity, and mixed resonance occurs when the three previous symptoms occur in speech.

Question 22

define fluency disorder

Answer 22

an issue that prevents a person from speaking continuously or in a fluid way. The most well-known disfluency is stuttering which is distinguished by the repetition of sounds, syllables, and extending consonants. Another major example of this disorder is called cluttering which is set apart due to speaking fast and omitting words at the end of a sentence.

Question 23

define developmental language disorder

Answer 23

DLD is expressed as an issue that hinders a person from talking and understanding a language.
AKA; preschool language disorder

Question 24

define learning disorder

Answer 24

a learning disability or an LD refers to a person who encounters problems with reading, spelling, and writing.

Question 25

define developmental speech disorder

Answer 25

impedes a child’s speech skills to develop over time. Oftentimes, terms such as articulation disorders, phonological disorders, speech delay, and speech impairments are used to describe this disorder. Unfortunately, the causes of speech sound disorders are unknown, however, speech sound disorders can be associated with other medical problems like cleft palate and cerebral palsy.

Question 26

defined an acquired language disorder

Answer 26

occurs when a person “obtains” brain damage.The most frequent form patients acquire Aphasia is the result of stroke and often have trouble understanding, speaking, reading, and writing. Meanwhile, the causes behind Apraxia are due to traumatic brain injury and the patients have trouble speaking correctly.

Question 27

define swallowing and feeding disorder

Answer 27

refers to infants and adults who have trouble digesting food and drinks. There are three main components that incorporate swallowing is the oral or mouth phase which consists of chewing and sucking liquid in the throat, the next is the pharyngeal or throat phase which consists of squeezing food down the throat, and final is the esophageal phase which is made up by a tube that connects and squeezes the nourishment into your stomach. The causes behind this disorder range widely but some examples include stroke, cleft lip, autism, cerebral palsy, problems associated with the neck, head, and mouth.

Question 28

define hearing impairment

Answer 28

t refers to people who have issues with one or more parts of the ear. In order for people to hear any sound, a sound waves travels through the outer ear or pinna, then through the ear canal into the eardrum which vibrates and amplifies the sound, and finally, the inner ear or cochlea sends nerve impulses to the auditory nerve. The main cause for hearing loss is a result of otitis media or an ear infection that affects the middle section of the ear, however, some other hearing loss causes include genetic disorders, head or ear injuries, or malformation of any part of the ear.

Question 29

define cognitive impairment

Answer 29

a deficit that occurs when a person experiences memory loss and the decline of brain skills like functioning, language, and understanding. The most common source of dementia is a result of Alzheimer’s disease. However, dementia can also occur due to a series of strokes.

Question 30

define social communication disorder

Answer 30

refers to people who have difficulties with picking up verbal and nonverbal language cues in a social setting. One example of a social communication disorder is Autism. As of currently, the cause behind social communication disorder is not known.