Chapter 1 and 3

Question 1

Affirming the antecedent (modus pollens)

Answer 1

If p, then q.
p.
Therefore, q.

Question 2

Denying the consequent (modus tollens aka valid)

Answer 2

The form of modus tollens is:
If p, then q.
Not q.
Therefore, not p.

Question 3

Hypothetical (conditional) syllogisms (argument)

Answer 3

If p, then q.
If q, then r.
Therefore, if p, then r.

Question 4

Denying the antecedent (invalid)

Answer 4

Denying the antecedent is represented like this:
If p, then q.
Not p.
Therefore, not q.

Question 5

Affirming the consequent (invalid)

Answer 5

If p, then q.
q.
Therefore, p.

Question 6

Disjunctive syllogism (valid and simple)

Answer 6

It’s called a disjunctive syllogism because it starts with a disjunction—a statement that says that one or another of two things is true.

Either Ralph walked the dog, or he stayed home.
He didn’t walk the dog.
Therefore, he stayed home.

The symbolized form of the argument above is thus:
Either p or q.
Not p.
Therefore, q.

Question 7

The form of an argument is distinct from its content

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Which of the following is not a valid argument form?
a. Disjunctive syllogism
b. Denying the consequent
c. Affirming the consequent
d. Modus ponens

Answer 8

Affirming the consequent

Question 9

A ________ is a deductive argument made up of three statements—two premises and a conclusion

Answer 9

Syllogism

Question 10

Conditional statement

Answer 10

if, then