Chapter 1 and 2 Test Flashcards
What is climate?
the typical atmosphere over a long period of time for a certain area; average conditions for a region overtime
What is weather?
the conditions in the atmosphere at a particular place at a particular time
What is geography?
the study of physical features, climate, topography, and how it affects humans
What is environment?
the land, foliage, climate, topography and natural resources around us
What was the Ice Age?
a period of time when the sea level went down and everything was frozen and cold
What is a glacier?
a huge mass of ice
What is Beringia?
the land bridge connecting the NE tip of Asia (Siberia) with the NW tip of Alaska, named after the Bering Strait, which became dry land
What is archaeology?
the study of material remains of ancient peoples
What is the Neolithic Revolution?
the human discovery of domestication of plants and animals
What is a revolution?
dramatic change and rapid change in human life
EVOLUTION is slow gradual change.
Who are hunter-gatherers?
people who lived by hunting animals and gathering wild plants
Who are Paleo-Indians?
the first Americans, who crossed over the land bridge between 38,000 and 10,000 BC during the last Ice Age
What is migration?
the movement of people (or animals) from one region to another
What is a society?
a group of people who share the same culture
What is a civilization?
a complex society, one with job specialization as well as a high level of culture
What is culture?
a people’s way of life
What does adapt (adaptation) mean?
to change (the act of changing) in response to a new set of conditions
What is domestication?
the process by which plants and animals are genetically modified over time by humans for traits that are more advantageous or desirable for humans
What is diversity?
difference or variety
What is surplus?
more than what is needed
What are some advantages of domestication over hunter-gatherer societies?
With farming as a source of food, people could settle in one place & have a more reliable food supply.
Now, societies had more time for activities other than food gathering.
What were some positive results of the Neolithic Revolution?
Permanent settlements/safer shelter Food surpluses Population growth More free time to experiment, invent (e.g., medical advances) Job specialization Develop trade; more complex economy Can create laws, rules to make life safer and more secure Social classes develop Promotes civilization
What were some negative results of the Neolithic Revolution?
Crops could die if there is are bad growing conditions, e.g., drought
Animals in captivity can get disease
Vulnerable to attack if in one place
Don’t know how to defend themselves, because don’t have hunting/weapons skills, so war more likely
People need to change/adapt/learn new things
Permanent houses are harder to replace if destroyed
Higher population means more lives to feed
Conflict due to slavery, class differences, etc.
Group less connected to one another
