Chapter 1 and 2 Test

Question 1

What is climate?

Answer 1

the typical atmosphere over a long period of time for a certain area; average conditions for a region overtime

Question 2

What is weather?

Answer 2

the conditions in the atmosphere at a particular place at a particular time

Question 3

What is geography?

Answer 3

the study of physical features, climate, topography, and how it affects humans

Question 4

What is environment?

Answer 4

the land, foliage, climate, topography and natural resources around us

Question 5

What was the Ice Age?

Answer 5

a period of time when the sea level went down and everything was frozen and cold

Question 6

What is a glacier?

Answer 6

a huge mass of ice

Question 7

What is Beringia?

Answer 7

the land bridge connecting the NE tip of Asia (Siberia) with the NW tip of Alaska, named after the Bering Strait, which became dry land

Question 8

What is archaeology?

Answer 8

the study of material remains of ancient peoples

Question 9

What is the Neolithic Revolution?

Answer 9

the human discovery of domestication of plants and animals

Question 10

What is a revolution?

Answer 10

dramatic change and rapid change in human life

EVOLUTION is slow gradual change.

Question 11

Who are hunter-gatherers?

Answer 11

people who lived by hunting animals and gathering wild plants

Question 12

Who are Paleo-Indians?

Answer 12

the first Americans, who crossed over the land bridge between 38,000 and 10,000 BC during the last Ice Age

Question 13

What is migration?

Answer 13

the movement of people (or animals) from one region to another

Question 14

What is a society?

Answer 14

a group of people who share the same culture

Question 15

What is a civilization?

Answer 15

a complex society, one with job specialization as well as a high level of culture

Question 16

What is culture?

Answer 16

a people’s way of life

Question 17

What does adapt (adaptation) mean?

Answer 17

to change (the act of changing) in response to a new set of conditions

Question 18

What is domestication?

Answer 18

the process by which plants and animals are genetically modified over time by humans for traits that are more advantageous or desirable for humans

Question 19

What is diversity?

Answer 19

difference or variety

Question 20

What is surplus?

Answer 20

more than what is needed

Question 21

What are some advantages of domestication over hunter-gatherer societies?

Answer 21

With farming as a source of food, people could settle in one place & have a more reliable food supply.
Now, societies had more time for activities other than food gathering.

Question 22

What were some positive results of the Neolithic Revolution?

Answer 22

Permanent settlements/safer shelter
Food surpluses
Population growth
More free time to experiment, invent (e.g., medical advances)
Job specialization
Develop trade; more complex economy
Can create laws, rules to make life safer and more secure
Social classes develop
Promotes civilization

Question 23

What were some negative results of the Neolithic Revolution?

Answer 23

Crops could die if there is are bad growing conditions, e.g., drought
Animals in captivity can get disease
Vulnerable to attack if in one place
Don’t know how to defend themselves, because don’t have hunting/weapons skills, so war more likely
People need to change/adapt/learn new things
Permanent houses are harder to replace if destroyed
Higher population means more lives to feed
Conflict due to slavery, class differences, etc.
Group less connected to one another