Chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards
Monosaccharide
- single (simple sugars)
- examples: fructose, glucose, galactose
- C6H12O6
- put two together by dehydration synthesis
Polysaccharides
- several monosaccharides
- structural: cellulose (plant cell walls)
- functional: starch and sugars (short term energy storage)
pH scale
The measure of H+ OH ions in a solution Buffers Acidic 7-0 7 (neutral) Bases 7-14 Calculated as -log[H+]
Carbohydrate
Function: short term energy storage Structural component of cell walls -1:2:1 ratio (C:H:O) -monomer: monosaccharides Ex.: glucose, fructose, galactose -polymer: polysaccharides Ex.: starch, cellulose, sugars -composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen -form of chain or ring
Element
A substance containing entirely on one type of atom
Isotopes
Homeostasis
The regulation and balance between acidity and pH
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
- ribose sugars
- single stranded
- straight chain
- A, U, C, G (uracil)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
- deoxyribose sugars
- double helix
- double stranded
- anti parallel
- A, T, C, G (thymine)
- genes are sections of DNA
Isotopes
An atom of an element that has a different number of neutrons than other atoms of this type
Amino acid
They are monomers to proteins
Solute
A minor component in a solution
Dissolved in solvent
Monomer
A single component of one small molecule that when combined makes a polymer
Polymer
Many monomers together linked through dehydration synthesis
Inference
To indicate or involve as a conclusion
Metabolism
The complex of physical and chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life
