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CDI 9 > Chapter 1 And 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 And 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the primary purpose of the first computers?

A

To solve a serious number-crunching crisis

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2
Q

Who designed the Analytical Engine?

A

Charles Babbage

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3
Q

What was the first electronic digital computer called?

A

Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)

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4
Q

What significant computer was built in 1946?

A

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)

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5
Q

What was the weight of the ENIAC?

A

30 tons

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6
Q

What type of tubes did first-generation computers use?

A

Vacuum tubes

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7
Q

What major advancement marked the second generation of computers?

A

The use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes

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8
Q

What was the first computer for commercial use introduced to the public?

A

Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC 1)

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9
Q

What was a major development in the third generation of computers?

A

The invention of integrated circuits

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: A computer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations, and operations based on instructions provided by a _______.

A

[software or hardware program]

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11
Q

What operating system was born in 1980?

A

Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS)

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12
Q

What significant product did IBM introduce in 1981?

A

Personal computer (PC)

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13
Q

What interface did Apple introduce with the Macintosh computer?

A

Icon-driven interface

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14
Q

True or False: First-generation computers had operating systems.

A

False

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15
Q

During which years did the first generation of computers exist?

A

1937 - 1946

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16
Q

During which years did the second generation of computers exist?

A

1947 - 1962

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17
Q

During which years did the third generation of computers exist?

A

1963 - present

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18
Q

What was a notable feature of computers in the third generation?

A

Able to run many different programs at the same time

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19
Q

What type of output devices were used during the second generation?

A

Printers

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20
Q

What is a computer?

A

A computer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations, and operations based on instructions provided by software or hardware programs.

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21
Q

What are the two primary categories of a computer?

A
  1. Hardware: Physical structure that houses a computer’s processor, memory, storage, communication ports, and peripheral devices.
  2. Software: Includes operating system (OS) and software applications.
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22
Q

How does a computer work?

A

A computer works with software programs that are sent to its underlying hardware architecture for reading, interpretation, and execution.

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23
Q

How are computers classified?

A

Computers are classified according to computing power, capacity, size, mobility, and other factors, such as personal computers (PC), desktop computers, laptop computers, minicomputers, handheld computers and devices, mainframes, or supercomputers.

24
Q

What is the function of a computer?

A

A computer is an electronic machine that accepts data, stores, and processes data into information.

25
What is input in computing?
Input is raw facts that the user enters into the computer, including words, numbers, sound, and pictures.
26
What is output in computing?
Output is the information produced by the computer after processing the input data.
27
What are the three general categories of computers?
1. Supercomputer: The fastest, largest, most powerful, and most expensive computer. 2. Mainframe Computer: Smaller and less powerful than the supercomputer but still expensive. 3. Personal Computer (PC): The computer most people use daily, smaller, less powerful, and less expensive than supercomputers and mainframes.
28
What are the two main types of personal computers?
1. Macintosh (Macs) 2. PC compatibles (PC)
29
What are the types of mobile computers?
Mobile computers include notebook or laptop computers and handheld computers.
30
What are the essential components of any computer?
Any computer, regardless of its size, has an input device, output device, and a system unit.
31
What is computer hardware?
Computer hardware includes electronic and mechanical parts, such as input devices, output devices, system unit, storage devices, and communication devices.
32
What is an input device?
An input device is any hardware component that allows the user to enter data into the computer.
33
What are six widely used input devices?
1. Keyboard: Used to type letters, numbers, and symbols. 2. Mouse: A pointing device that allows data entry through clicking. 3. Scanner: Copies from paper into the computer. 4. Microphone: Used for voice input. 5. Digital Camera: Takes pictures for input into the computer. 6. PC Video Camera: Takes both video and still images for input.
34
What is an output device?
An output device is any hardware component that gives information to the user.
35
What is a monitor?
A monitor is an output device that displays information on a screen.
36
What is a printer?
A printer is an output device that prints information on paper. ## Footnote This type of printed output is called a hard copy.
37
What does a speaker do?
A speaker outputs sound.
38
What is computer software?
Software, also called programs, are the instructions that tell the computer what to do and how to do it.
39
What are the two main categories of software?
The two main categories of software are system software and application software.
40
What is system software?
System software, also called the operating system (OS), runs the computer and controls all its operations.
41
What is the most common OS on a PC?
The most common OS on a PC is the Windows operating system.
42
What is application software?
Application software is a program that allows users to perform specific tasks on the computer.
43
What is a word processing application?
A word processing application allows you to type letters, assignments, and other written activities. ## Footnote An example is Microsoft Word.
44
What is a spreadsheet application?
A spreadsheet application is used to create charts and perform calculations. ## Footnote An example is Microsoft Excel.
45
What is an e-mail application?
An e-mail application allows you to send and receive e-mails. ## Footnote An example is Outlook Express.
46
What is an internet application?
An internet application allows you to connect to the Internet and view websites. ## Footnote An example is Internet Explorer.
47
What is storage media?
Storage media are the physical materials on which data, information, and instructions are kept.
48
What is the process of saving information to a storage medium called?
The process of saving information to a storage medium is called writing.
49
What is the process of opening a file called?
The process of opening a file is called reading.
50
What is a hard drive?
A hard drive is a storage medium that comes with the computer and stores all the programs needed for it to work.
51
What is a floppy disk?
A floppy disk is a portable storage medium that can be removed from the computer.
52
What are CD and DVD?
CDs and DVDs are portable storage media that hold more information than a floppy disk. ## Footnote They come in forms that can either save information permanently or be rewritten.
53
What is a USB flash drive?
A USB flash drive is a portable storage medium that is easy to carry and holds more data than a floppy disk.
54
Why is computer care important?
Taking care of your computer is important for both its internal and external parts.
55
What are some tasks you can perform to keep your computer clean?
You can keep dust away, avoid eating or drinking near the computer, use clean hands, treat the computer with respect, avoid using it during storms, and stop virus attacks.
56
What should you do if you have problems with your computer?
If you have problems with your computer, ask for help instead of banging or hitting it.
57
What is a computer virus?
A computer virus is a program written to harm other people's computers.

CDI 9 (1 decks)

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