Chapter 1 And 2

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

Scientific study of mind and behaviour

Question 2

Mind

Answer 2

Private inner experience

Question 3

Behavior

Answer 3

Observable actions of human beings and non-human animals

Question 4

Plato

Answer 4

Nativism - certain kind of knowledge are innate or inborn

Question 5

Aristotle

Answer 5

Plato’s student
Philosophical empiricism- all knowledge grows from experience

Question 6

Rene Descartes

Answer 6

French philosopher argued for dualism
Dualism- the physical body was a container for the non-physical thing called the mind

Question 7

Dualism

Answer 7

the physical body was a container for the non-physical thing called the mind

Question 8

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 8

Argued against Descartes saying the mind is what the brain does - “philosophical materialism”

Question 9

Philosophical materialism

Answer 9

The mind is what the brain does

Question 10

John Locke

Answer 10

English philosopher
Embraces philosophical realism -perception of physical world produced entirely by sensory organ information
Perceptions are like photographs

Question 11

Immanuel Kant

Answer 11

German philosopher
Believed in philosophical idealism - perceptions of physical world are brains interpretation for sensory organ information
Perceptions are like paintings
-current psychology supports this view

Question 12

Philosophical Realism

Answer 12

Perception of physical world produced entirely by sensory organ information

Question 13

Philosophical Idealism

Answer 13

Perception of physical world are brains interpretation for sensory organ information

Question 14

Philosophical empiricism

Answer 14

Is the view that all knowledge is acquired through experience
Ex. Locke and his idea of being born with a blank slate.

Question 15

Philosophical nativism

Answer 15

Is the view that some knowledge in innate rather than acquired

Question 16

Which philosopher was right?
- philosophical empiricism vs philosophical nativism

Answer 16

-most modern psychologists embrace some version of nativism
-research suggests at least some of what we know is hard wired into our brains

Question 17

Frank Joseph Gall

Answer 17

Phrenology: now defunct theory that specific mental abilities and characteristics are localized in specific regions of brain

Question 18

Pierre flourens

Answer 18

Surgically removed brain pieces and found differences in behaviour; argued against falls methods.

Question 19

Paul broca

Answer 19

Studies brain damaged patients (left frontal lobe) to link localization ability
Crucial insight that damage to specific area of the brain impaired a specific mental function - demonstrating brain and mind are linked

Question 20

Structuralism

Answer 20

Analyzes the mind by breaking it down into basic components

Question 21

Functionalism

Answer 21

Studies how mental abilities allow people to adapt to their environments

Question 22

Physiology

Answer 22

Study of biological processes, especially in the human body

Question 23

Herman con Helmholtz

Answer 23

Studies human reaction time; estimated the length of nerve impulse

Question 24

Stimulus

Answer 24

Sensory input from the environment

Question 25

Reaction time

Answer 25

Amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus

Question 26

Wilhelmina Wundt

Answer 26

Opened the first psychological laboratory at the university of leipzig Germany in 1879

Question 27

Consciousness

Answer 27

A persons subjective experience of the world and mind

Question 28

Structuralism

Answer 28

An approach to studying consciousness- analysis of basic elements that constitute the mind involving introspection : subjective observation of one’s own experience

Question 29

Introspection

Answer 29

Subjective observation of one’s own experience

Question 30

Edward Ritchie we

Answer 30

-Studied under Wundt; focused on identifying basic elements of the mind -Brought his teachings to Cornell university -saw psychology as similar to physics; tried to identify structures in the brain -structuralism tended to die out after he passed away

Question 31

William James

Answer 31

Functionalism: study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt their environment

Question 32

Functionalism

Answer 32

study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt their environment

Question 33

Charles Darwin

Answer 33

-inspired by James; wrote on the origin of species by means of natural selection

Question 34

Natural selection

Answer 34

The features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations

Question 35

G.Stanley Hall

Answer 35

-set up first psychological laboratory in North America -focused on development and education -founded American journal of psychology

Question 36

William James

Answer 36

-first to take scientific approach to study psychology -established an experimental psychology lab at Harvard -wrote the principles of psychology in 1890

Question 37

James mark Baldwin

Answer 37

Established first psychology lab in Canada at the university of Toronto 1891 and another at Princeton university Focused on infant development

Question 38

Example of functionalism

Answer 38

Psychologists focused on mental strategies that can enhance your ability to acquire information, retain it over time, and retrieve what you have acquired and retained

Question 39

Rehearse - functionalism

Answer 39

Spaced and elaborative rehearsal better Visualization helps

Question 40

Study smart - functionalism

Answer 40

Regular review, no cramming, test yourself, hit the main points, effective note taking skills, organization Get some sleep

Question 41

Jean Martin Charcot / Pierre Janet

Answer 41

Studied hysteric patients through hypnosis Influence William James and signing Freud Sparked more interest in the mind and consciousness and “normal” bx

Question 42

Hysteria

Answer 42

A temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions; usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences

Question 43

Sigmund Freud

Answer 43

-Believed hysteria was caused by painful unconscious experiences -unconscious: part of the mind that operates outside of awareness but influence conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions -psychoanalytic theory: approach to understanding human bx that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings thoughts and bx -psychoanalysis: therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders

Question 44

Unconscious

Answer 44

part of the mind that operates outside of awareness but influence conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions

Question 45

Psychoanalysis

Answer 45

therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders

Question 46

Psychoanalytic theory

Answer 46

approach to understanding human bx that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings thoughts and bx