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Psych 1100 93 > Chapter 1 And 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 And 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology

A

Scientific study of mind and behaviour

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2
Q

Mind

A

Private inner experience

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3
Q

Behavior

A

Observable actions of human beings and non-human animals

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4
Q

Plato

A

Nativism - certain kind of knowledge are innate or inborn

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5
Q

Aristotle

A

Plato’s student
Philosophical empiricism- all knowledge grows from experience

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6
Q

Rene Descartes

A

French philosopher argued for dualism
Dualism- the physical body was a container for the non-physical thing called the mind

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7
Q

Dualism

A

the physical body was a container for the non-physical thing called the mind

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8
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Argued against Descartes saying the mind is what the brain does - “philosophical materialism”

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9
Q

Philosophical materialism

A

The mind is what the brain does

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10
Q

John Locke

A

English philosopher
Embraces philosophical realism -perception of physical world produced entirely by sensory organ information
Perceptions are like photographs

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11
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

German philosopher
Believed in philosophical idealism - perceptions of physical world are brains interpretation for sensory organ information
Perceptions are like paintings
-current psychology supports this view

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12
Q

Philosophical Realism

A

Perception of physical world produced entirely by sensory organ information

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13
Q

Philosophical Idealism

A

Perception of physical world are brains interpretation for sensory organ information

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14
Q

Philosophical empiricism

A

Is the view that all knowledge is acquired through experience
Ex. Locke and his idea of being born with a blank slate.

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15
Q

Philosophical nativism

A

Is the view that some knowledge in innate rather than acquired

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16
Q

Which philosopher was right?
- philosophical empiricism vs philosophical nativism

A

-most modern psychologists embrace some version of nativism
-research suggests at least some of what we know is hard wired into our brains

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17
Q

Frank Joseph Gall

A

Phrenology: now defunct theory that specific mental abilities and characteristics are localized in specific regions of brain

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18
Q

Pierre flourens

A

Surgically removed brain pieces and found differences in behaviour; argued against falls methods.

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19
Q

Paul broca

A

Studies brain damaged patients (left frontal lobe) to link localization ability
Crucial insight that damage to specific area of the brain impaired a specific mental function - demonstrating brain and mind are linked

20
Q

Structuralism

A

Analyzes the mind by breaking it down into basic components

21
Q

Functionalism

A

Studies how mental abilities allow people to adapt to their environments

22
Q

Physiology

A

Study of biological processes, especially in the human body

23
Q

Herman con Helmholtz

A

Studies human reaction time; estimated the length of nerve impulse

24
Q

Stimulus

A

Sensory input from the environment

25
Q

Reaction time

A

Amount of time taken to respond to a specific stimulus

26
Q

Wilhelmina Wundt

A

Opened the first psychological laboratory at the university of leipzig Germany in 1879

27
Q

Consciousness

A

A persons subjective experience of the world and mind

28
Q

Structuralism

A

An approach to studying consciousness- analysis of basic elements that constitute the mind involving introspection : subjective observation of one’s own experience

29
Q

Introspection

A

Subjective observation of one’s own experience

30
Q

Edward Ritchie we

A

-Studied under Wundt; focused on identifying basic elements of the mind
-Brought his teachings to Cornell university
-saw psychology as similar to physics; tried to identify structures in the brain
-structuralism tended to die out after he passed away

31
Q

William James

A

Functionalism: study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt their environment

32
Q

Functionalism

A

study of the purpose mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt their environment

33
Q

Charles Darwin

A

-inspired by James; wrote on the origin of species by means of natural selection

34
Q

Natural selection

A

The features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce are more likely than other features to be passed on to subsequent generations

35
Q

G.Stanley Hall

A

-set up first psychological laboratory in North America
-focused on development and education
-founded American journal of psychology

36
Q

William James

A

-first to take scientific approach to study psychology
-established an experimental psychology lab at Harvard
-wrote the principles of psychology in 1890

37
Q

James mark Baldwin

A

Established first psychology lab in Canada at the university of Toronto 1891 and another at Princeton university
Focused on infant development

38
Q

Example of functionalism

A

Psychologists focused on mental strategies that can enhance your ability to acquire information, retain it over time, and retrieve what you have acquired and retained

39
Q

Rehearse - functionalism

A

Spaced and elaborative rehearsal better

Visualization helps

40
Q

Study smart - functionalism

A

Regular review, no cramming, test yourself, hit the main points, effective note taking skills, organization

Get some sleep

41
Q

Jean Martin Charcot / Pierre Janet

A

Studied hysteric patients through hypnosis
Influence William James and signing Freud
Sparked more interest in the mind and consciousness and “normal” bx

42
Q

Hysteria

A

A temporary loss of cognitive or motor functions; usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences

43
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

-Believed hysteria was caused by painful unconscious experiences
-unconscious: part of the mind that operates outside of awareness but influence conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions
-psychoanalytic theory: approach to understanding human bx that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings thoughts and bx
-psychoanalysis: therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders

44
Q

Unconscious

A

part of the mind that operates outside of awareness but influence conscious thoughts, feelings, and actions

45
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

therapeutic approach that focuses on bringing unconscious material into conscious awareness to better understand psychological disorders

46
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

approach to understanding human bx that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings thoughts and bx

Psych 1100 93 (1 decks)

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