Chapter 1 Advanced Electronics And Vehicle Electrical Systems Flashcards by Daniel Hernandez

Alternating current in the US is delivered at?

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YYLYTud4lDU/TrVFQyUVE0I/AAAAAAAABkk/Cs6ztzqnqZw/s400/alternating_current.png

60 Hz, typically at 110 Volts AC

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Similar to fuel feeding an engine yo must first have fuel pressure to have to fuel flowing, which means? In terms of electricity you must have?

You must have voltage to have current flow.

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Current is represented by what letters?

A or I

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How many milliamps equal to one amp?

1000 mA

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How many micro amps equal to one amp?

1 million Micro amps

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With no resistance, the circuit is considered a?

Short circuit where unlimited current flows.

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With infinite resistance, the circuit is considered an?

Open circuit where little or no current flows.

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The amount of resistance in the circuit and the supply voltage determine the?

Current flow.

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How many milliohms Equal one ohm?

1000 Milliohms

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How many ohms in 1M ohms?

1 million ohms

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Power output must at least be equal to?

Power input

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It would be fair to say that hundred watts of power could also be expressed as?

P= 100 W= 100 100w

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In the process of converting electricity into light, some of the energy is wasted and the result is?

heat

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The law of conservation energy states?

That energy consumed by any component cannot be magically destroyed or mysteriously lost.

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A joule is the energy required to move 6.24×10^18 electrons pass a point in a circuit through a potential of?

1 V

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Since one watt represents the rate overtime that electrical energy is converted into work (heat, sound, light, etc.), then one watt Represents the conversion of one ______ Per second into light, heat, sound or some other form of energy.

joule

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There are _____ watts in 1 horse power.

746

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Factory alternators generally supply between. _______-_________ amps,depending on model and features of vehicle.

65-100

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Voltage is?

Electrical pressure

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Voltage is measured in units called?

Voltes

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1000 mV equal?

One volt

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The higher the voltage, the higher the?

Electrical pressure pushing electrons around the circuit.

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Current is the movement of?

Electrons

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Current is measured in units called?

Amperes or amps for short

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6.24 X 10^18 electrons is equal to?

One coulomb

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One Coulomb of electrons past one point In one second equals?

One AMpere of current flowing

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Current cannot flow unless there is?

Voltage to push it around in the circuit.

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Current is symbolized in ohms law as?

I or A

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Resistance is inherent in every?

Electrical current

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Resistance is measured in?

Ohms

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1000 milliohms equal?

1 ohm

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1000 ohms equal?

1 kilohm or 1k ohm

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Excessive resistance is often The result of?

Corrosion or poor connections

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No resistance whatsoever is a?

Short circuit

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Resistance is symbolized in ohms law as?

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Resistance can also be written with the Greek letter?

Omega ♎️

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Electrical power is basically?

Power doing work over a period of time

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Power is the conversion of?

Energy from one form to another form

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The law of conservation of energy states?

Power cannot be created or destroyed, only changed into some other form of energy.

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Electrically powered devices such as amplifiers, lightbulbs, etc. Are not 100% efficient so the byproduct is?

Heat

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Electrical power is expressed as units of?

Watts

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1000 Watts equal?

1 kIlowatt or 1kw

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A joule is the amount of energy required to move a Coulomb of electrons with one volt a potential passed a point in a?

Circuit

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Power is symbolized in Watts law as?

P or W

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Kirchoffs voltage law “KLW” States that the voltage applied to a DC series circuit must equal?

The sum of the voltage drops within the circuit

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Kirchoffs voltage law tells you that all the voltage produced in the loop must be used it can’t just?

Disappear

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You can measure a voltage Drop between two ground points easily with a multi meter set to DC volts scale. The two points should be measured while the circuit is?

Under load for accuracy

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Kirchoffs current law States that the total current entering a point or junction in a circuit must?

Equal the sum of the current leaving that point or junction.

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Too small of a gauge in the ground wire connections will develop a?

Voltage drop

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Conventional current flow theory says that current flows from?

Positive to negative

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Electron flow theory says that current flows from?

Negative to positive

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capacitors are constructed by separating two or more conductors called ____ with a non-conductive insulator called a ______?

Plates, Dielectric

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The leads that extend from the plates to the outside of the capacitor are called?

Electrodes

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Some newer capacitor designs specifically intend for use in power supplies employ a technology called?

Eletrochemical Double Layering

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Power supply capacitors are commonly called?

stiffening capacitors

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Capacitors used in DC circuit applications are called __________ ___________, indicating that the electrodes have a specific polarity orientation.

polarized capacitors

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Capacitors in AC circuits typically function as passive crossovers, also called?

passive filters

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Depending on the calue of the capacitor(s), certain frequencies are allowed to pass and other frequencies are ______ or stores.

blocked

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Most basic form of a high pass passive crossover are often called?

Bass Bockers

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At higher values of capacitance, more _______ is allowed to pass

Frequency

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Capacitor used on a midrange speaker must be _______ value than a capacitor used in a tweeter application, given the same speaker resistance.

larger

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Capacitors used in AC circuit applications are called ___________ , indicating that the electrodes do not have a specific polarity orientation.

non-polar capacitors

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Non-polar capacitors may also be called?

Bi-polar

Regardless of what material they are made and how they’re used, all capacitors have 3 Ratings,

____ ____ ____

Tolerance, Voltage and Temperature.

Its common for a non-polar passive crossover capacitors to be __ or __ volts AC

50-100V
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Capacitance is measured in units called?

farads

______uF = 1 Farad?

1,000,000http://www.goldmine-elec-products.com/images/G18346B.jpg

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The time that is required for charging and discharging is dependent upon the internal _________________ ( ESR ) of the capacitor as well as the a mount of capacitance ( or conductive plate Surface area)

Equivalent Series Resistance

capacitors use a formula called ______ to establish the rate of charge and discharge.

Time Constant

the formula for 1 time constant is?

T = R x C

the time that is required for charging and discharging is dependent upon the __________________ (ESR) of the capacitor as well as the amount of capacitance (or conductive plate surface area) it has.

Equivalent Series Resistance

Remember that capacitance given in mivrofarads must be converted into farads (by moving the decimal to the left __ places).

Passive crossoves often contain many types of ______ to filter or pass specific frequency ranges.

Inductor

Remember, while resistance limits or opposes current flow in a circuit (regardless of the frequency), inductance ________ in current flow.

►opposes change►

Faraday’s Law of Induction shows that a changing magnetic field can induce a voltage in a nearby wire without having a ___________to that wire

phsical electrical connection

Transformers are really _____ with two separate sets of windings that interwine with one another, nut are laminated so as no to tough ( wich would electrically connect and/or short out).

Inductors

The concept on which transformers are based is known as?

Faradays Law of Induction

An inductor is an electronic component that possesses the property of inductance, meaning it opposes any ?

Change in current Flow

A capacitor is an electronic component that possesses the property of Capacitance meaning it opposes?

Change in Voltage

A transformer has a “primary” or input winding and a “_____” or output winding

Secondary

Taking the concept of a stable magnetic field one step further, the transformer uses one inductor to _________ _______ a current into the other inductor because of their close proximity, yet nither winding is physically connected.

Magnetically generate

The magnetic coupling of tranformer windings can be controlled by the ______ of primary to secondary turns so that the output can be higher voltage or lower voltage than the original input.

ratio

Transformers are usually rated by the power they can handle in ____ and the ratio of the primary and secondary coils- Sucha s 1:1, 2:1, 10-1, 1:2, 1:10, etc.

Watts

Inductance is measured in units called?

Henries

Inductors are typically expressed in smaller units of millihenries (mH), so 1000mH would =?

1 Henry

A relay is an _______ _______. It’s the same thing as a traditional switch only it’s electrically controlled instead of manually controlled by a physical movment.

Electromechanical switch

When a relay has internal spike suppression, the terminal #85 is biased toward negative polarity and the terminal #___ is biased toward positive polarity.

The common Contact terminal is?

Terminal 30

The Normally closed Contact Terminal is?

Terminal 87a

The Normally Open Contact Terminal is?

Terminal 87

Relay at rest connects which terminals?

30 & 87a

VLEDs stands for?

Visible Light Emitting Diodes

Relay Energized connects which terminals?

30 & 87

Terminal ___ is always connected regardless of the relays state

A conductor typically features __ or fewer elecrons on its outer atomic shell.

Copper has only ___ outer shell elevton and is a great conductor or electron flow.

Silicon has __ atomic outer shell electons in its pure state.

An insulator typically features __ or more electrons on its outer shell.

Materials with __ outer shell electrons are considered semi-conductor materials. Silicon is the most common semi-conductor material used in consumer electronic products.

The electrical behavior of silicon can be altered from its propensity to be more of an insulator, making it more of a conductor. This process is known as?

Doping

To accomplish doping of a slilicon material, a small amount of an impurity is mixed into the silicon crystal. The two types of impurities are ____-Type and ____ -Type

N-type and P-type

All semiconductors have a joint ( the “gate” so to speak) called the?

Barrier or Junction

The point at which P-type and N-type materials meet in a semiconductor device is called the?

P/N Junction

The anode side of the diode represents the “___-type” material while the cathode side of the diode represents the “___-type” material.

Anode=P-type

Cathode=N-type

The point at which the anode and cathode meet is called the __ Junction.

P/N Junction

The two main functions for diods in vehicle electrical systems are ______ and ______.

Isolation and rectification

Since electrons have a negative charge and a dominant number of free electrons, this type of silicon is known as ____-Type

N-type

The absence of an electron creates the effect of a positive charge (hence the name_____-type). Since the empty spaces on the outer shell of the atom can conduct current, they easily attract electrons from neighboring atoms.

P-type

___ amp diodes are common in an alternator’s rectifier assembly in norder to rectify the positive or negative half of the AC phase to which it’s connected.

Banded side of the diode is considered the?

Cathode side

Bi-polar transistors are available in two varieties, ___ and ___. The letter in the middle denotes the trigger polarity of the “base” that controls the amount of current through the transistor.

NPN and PNP

The direction of the emitter arrow defines the ______

Type transistor

A simple way to tell the difference between the two NPN and PNP in a transistors, (Schematically) is that the _______ ALWAYS points toward the “N” material.

Arrow

OLEDs Stands for?

Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Oled’s work on the principle of converting electrical energies of electron flow into visible light but on very small, thin surfaces. This process is known as?

Electroluminescence

An integrated circuit contains ______ (and MAY contain capacitors and resistors, as well as other parts) placed in high density on one chip.

transistors

A single _______ can incorporate the functions of several printed-circuit boards and deliver the performance of the central processing unit of a much larger computer in a smaller, more mobile microcomputers.

Microprocessor

Voltage sources in circuits equate to the car’s?

alternator and battery

Loads equate to motors, lights, amplifiers, and other?

accessories

Circuit paths are ____, connection points and how you choose to ground through the matal chassis of the vehicle.

wires

THe automotive battry is made up of six ____ volt cells connected in seires to yeild 12.66 voltls.

2.11

primary funciton of a battery is to provide enough high current and stable voltage to get _______?

the engine started

Secondary function of a battepry is to provide a ____ mechanism for any leftover AC ripple ( or “leackage”) from the alternator output.

filter

what is the measurement of the amount of amperes a new battery can deliver for a period of 30 seconds, at a temperature of 0F, and still maintain a minumum voltage of 7.2 volts?

CCA

the alternator periodically shuts off the ____ ______ so there is less magnetic drag on the engine from turning an “actively engaged” alternator.

Field current

AC created inside the alternator is converted to DC through the series of diodes known as the?

Rectifier Bridge

The ignition 1 wire(s) maintain power while the engine is _______.

Cranking

The time in minutes that a vehicle can be driven if the charging system fails, or at least that’s the conventional wisdom behind how this rating was created.

Reserve capacity

The rating commonly used in reference to deep cycle batteries measureig the amount of current that the battery can deliver over a 20 hour period at 80F before the terminal voltage falls below 10.5 Volts.

Ampere-Hour

In a fully charged 12-volt battery with no load on it (open circuit), each cel has a nominal voltage (electrical potential) of ____ Volts. each cell is connected in series to the next until the six cells equal a total of ____Volts

2.11 Volts & 12.66 Volts

A “primary” sorage cell battery can store and deliver electrical energy, but cannot be ______

Recharged

A secondary storage cell battey can also store and deliver electrical energy, but unlike the primary battery, ________ is possible by passing a direct current through the battery in the opposite direction to that of the discharge.

Recharging

Autormotive batteries are cosidered _______ cell batteries because they can be recharged, whereas a Primary Cell Battery is not rechargable (such as disposable AA, AAA, C and D batteries).

Secondary

Starting batteries are especially designed for high initial cranking amps (usually _____ to _____ amps for five to 15 seconds) to stoart a car and for shallow (10% or less) discharges.

200 to 400

with ___ batteries you have to pay closer attention to the way they charge because they often recombine gasses and don’t vent like traditional wet batteries unless heavily overcharged.

AGM

Paracitic loads typically run __ to __ milliamps at most before reliability problems of the battery capacity to start the engine or maintain an adequate charge ensue.

20 to 30

To test the parasitic load, an ammeter must be inserted in _____ with the negative battery terminal and the negative battery cable ( withouth the engine running).

Series

Most recrifiers consist of six diodes (in three pairs) to recrify the __ from the alternator into pulsed __ that can charge the battery and run the vehicle electrical system.

AC, DC

Although the vast majority of OEM automotive alternators use __rectifier diodes ( for the three phases of AC), there are also alternators that use a fourth phase - the “neutral” tap on a WYE style stator- with an additional two diodes to rectify that AC for a total of __ diodes.

6, 8

THe ____ Wire is a common wire that changes resistance with the movement of the key cylinder.

MUX

CCA wire stands for?

Copper Clad Aluminum

OFC wire stands for?

Oxygen Free Copper

Higher Voltage means ___ _____ for the same power.

Less Current

higher voltage means ______ ______ for the same power

less current

watts law tells the relationship between ______, ______, and ______.

Power, Voltage, Current

With Batteries connected in series, Voltage adds up 12v+12v= 24v and current ____

Remains the same

With batteries connected in parallel Current adds up 40Ah+40Ah= 80Ah, and Voltage ______

Remains the same

electrons on copper wire and photons in fiber optic cables both move at approximately ____% of the speed of light

light travels at _________ miles per second

186,292

CAN is an acronym for _______ _____ _______.

Controlled Area Network

MOST is the acronym for _____ ____ ____ _____

Media Oriented Systems Transport

MOST can transmit up to _____ control messages per second

2700

The actual MOST network signals (control, audio, video, ect.) are carried through the _____ _____ _____, (POF) cables.

Plastic Optical Fiber

The actual MOST network signals (control, audio, video, ect.) are carried through the _____ _____ _____, (POF) cables.

Plastic Optical Fiber

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Chapter 1 Advanced Electronics And Vehicle Electrical Systems Flashcards

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