Chapter 1: Ado. Development in Today's World Flashcards
What is ADOLESCENCE?
the period of the life course between the time puberty begins and the time adult status, roles, and responsibilities within a culture are undertaken (ages 10-18, roughly)
What is CULTURE?
the total pattern of a group’s customs, beliefs, art, and technology; a group’s common way of life, passed on to one generation from the next
There are an estimated _____________ adolescents in the world today, not evenly distributed, and not coming of age with similar access to resources.
1.2 billion
What are DEVELOPED COUNTRIES?
the most affluent countries. most economically developed, highest median levels of income (Canada, US, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Costa Rica, all of Europe)
What are DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?
less wealth, but experiencing rapid economic growth as they join the globalized economy
How does the demographic divide of developed/developing countries influence adolescent lives?
access to health care, technology, education
50% of adolescents in developed countries go to post-secondary school; post-secondary is only for the wealthy elite in developing countries
What is the nature of the rural and urban divide in developing countries?
sharp; in urban areas, adolescents live with families with higher income, receive more education and healthcare, and tend to align more with adolescents in developed countries
What are INDIVIDUALISTIC VALUES?
cultural values such as independence and self-expression; associated with developed countries
What are COLLECTIVISTIC VALUES?
cultural values like obedience and group harmony; associated with developing countries
What are TRADITIONAL CULTURES?
people in the rural areas of developing countries, who tend to adhere more closely to the historical traditions of their culture than people in urban areas; tends to be more collectivistic bc close ties are an economic necessity
What is GLOBALIZATION?
increasing worldwide technological and economic integration, which is making different parts of the world increasingly connected and similar culturally; the world is becoming “smaller,” more homogenous
What is a consequence of globalization for adolescents?
experiencing increasingly similar environments; this group, and emerging adults, are more capable than young children of seeking out information
What is BICULTURAL?
having an identity that includes aspects of two different cultures
one identity is rooted in local culture
one identity functions in the global culture, typically through online activities
What is the MAJORITY CULTURE?
within a country, the cultural group that sets most of the norms and standard, holds most of the positions of political, economic, intellectual, and media power
What is CONTEXT, in the field of adolescent development?
settings that contribute to variation in pathways of adolescent development, including family, peer groups, school, work, media, civic institutions, and religious institutions
What are 3 key contexts to consider when studying adolescent development?
Socioeconomic status (SES)
Gender
Ethnicity
How does SES impact adolescents?
SES is typically used in reference to their parents’ statuses
educational attainment is influences, as is age of first sexual intercourse, and risk of delinquency
differences are sharp in developing countries, but still relevant in developed countries
How does gender influence adolescent development?
cultural expectations are different from the time a child is born depending on their gender
differences vary by culture
How does ethnicity affect adolescent development?
ethnic minorities may have distinct cultural patterns different from the majority
minorities tend to have values that are less individualistic
What were Plato’s views in the 4th century regarding the adolescent stage of life?
this is when the capacity for reason first develops, where serious education should begin
childhood education should be focused on sports and music (ages 7-14)
What were Aristotle’s views on adolescence in the 5th century?
rational choices, not simply ruled by the drive for pleasure, began in adolescence, though it may take the course of the entire life stage to fully develop
initially, impulses remain in charge and may even be more problematic due to sexual desires
What was the Children’s Crusade?
1212
young teens and university students set out to walk to the Holy Land and appeal to Muslims, asking for permission to visit the holy sites - disastrous
the fact that this crusade was undertaken at all suggests that people viewed adolescence as a time of innocence, and innocence possessed a special value
What is LIFE CYLCE SERVICE?
a period in their late teens and early 20s in which young people in the 16th-19th centuries engaged in domestic or farm service, or apprenticeships in various trades and crafts
What are some features of life-cycle service?
youths moved out of family homes into that of a “master” for around 7 years
women were less likely to participate, but many still did
faded around 18th-19th centuries as youths moved to growing cities
What were some stereotypes of youths living in cities during the 19th century?
regarded as a social problem due to crime rates, premarital sex, and alcohol use
leads to the development of institutions of social control like the YM/YWCA, religious associations, and literary societies
Why was the period of 1890-1920 known as the “Age of Adolescence”?
when the term “adolescence” becomes widely used
a crucial period for establishing the characteristics of modern adolescence
