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Clinical Psychology and Mental Health > Chapter 1: Abnormal Psychology, Past and Present > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Abnormal Psychology, Past and Present Flashcards

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1
Q

abnormal psychology

A

The scientific study of abnormal behavior undertaken to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning.

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2
Q

analog experiment

A

A research method in which the experimenter produces abnormal-like behavior in laboratory participants and then conducts experiments on the participants.

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3
Q

asylum

A

A type of institution that first became popular in the sixteenth century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most asylums became virtual prisons.

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4
Q

case study

A

A detailed account of a person’s life and psychological problems.

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5
Q

confound

A

In an experiment, a variable other than the independent variable that is also acting on the dependent variable.

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6
Q

control group

A

In an experiment, a group of participants who are not exposed to the independent variable.

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7
Q

correlation

A

The degree to which events or characteristics vary along with each other.

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8
Q

correlational method

A

A research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other.

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9
Q

culture

A

A people’s common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and arts.

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10
Q

danger

A

Behavior that poses a threat to a person or the people around them.

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11
Q

deinstitutionalization

A

The practice, begun in the 1960s, of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals.

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12
Q

dependent variable

A

The variable in an experiment that is expected to change as the independent variable is manipulated.

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13
Q

deviance

A

Variance from common patterns of behavior.

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14
Q

distress

A

Behavior that is unpleasant and upsetting to the person.

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15
Q

dysfunction

A

Behavior that is interfering with the person’s ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way

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16
Q

epidemiological study

A

A study that measures the incidence and prevalence of a problem, such as a disorder, in a given population.

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17
Q

experiment

A

A research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the effect of that manipulation on another variable is observed.

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18
Q

experimental group

A

In an experiment, the participants who are exposed to the independent variable under investigation.

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19
Q

humors

A

According to the Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.

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20
Q

hypothesis

A

A hunch or prediction that certain variables are related in certain ways.

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21
Q

incidence

A

The number of new cases of a disorder occurring in a population over a specific period of time.

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22
Q

independent variable

A

The variable in an experiment that is manipulated to determine whether it has an effect on another variable.

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23
Q

informed consent

A

The requirement that researchers provide sufficient information to participants about the purpose, procedure, risks, and benefits of a study.

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24
Q

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

A

An ethics committee in a research facility that is empowered to protect the rights and safety of human research participants.

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25
Q

longitudinal study

A

A study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of time

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26
Q

managed care program

A

Health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature, scope, and cost of medical or psychological services.

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27
Q

masked design

A

A feature of an experiment in which participants do not know whether they are in the experimental or the control condition. Previously called blind design.

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28
Q

matched design

A

A research design that matches the experimental participants with control participants who are similar on key characteristics.

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29
Q

moral treatment

A

A nineteenth-century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment.

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30
Q

multicultural psychology

A

The field that examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, and gender on behaviors and thoughts, and focuses on how such factors may influence the origin, nature, and treatment of abnormal behavior.

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31
Q

natural experiment

A

An experiment in which nature, rather than an experimenter, manipulates an independent variable.

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32
Q

nomothetic

A

A general understanding of the nature, causes, and treatments of abnormal functioning, in the form of laws or principles that apply across people.

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33
Q

norms

A

A society’s stated and unstated rules for proper conduct.

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34
Q

placebo therapy

A

A pretend treatment that the participant in an experiment believes to be genuine.

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35
Q

positive psychology

A

The study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities.

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36
Q

prevalence

A

The total number of cases of a disorder occurring in a population over a specific period of time.

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37
Q

prevention

A

Interventions aimed at deterring mental disorders before they can develop

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38
Q

private psychotherapy

A

An arrangement in which a person directly pays a therapist for counseling services.

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39
Q

psychoanalysis

A

Either the theory or the treatment of abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology.

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40
Q

psychogenic perspective

A

The view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological.

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41
Q

psychotropic medications

A

Drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunction.

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42
Q

quasi-expiremental design

A

A research design that fails to include key elements of a “pure” experiment and/or intermixes elements of both experimental and correlational studies.

43
Q

random assignment

A

A selection procedure in an experiment that ensures that participants are randomly placed either in the control group or in the experimental group.

44
Q

scientific method

A

The process of systematically gathering and evaluating information, through careful observations, to understand a phenomenon.

45
Q

somatogenic perspective

A

The view that abnormal functioning has physical causes.

46
Q

state hospital

A

State-run public mental institutions in the United States.

47
Q

telemental health

A

The use of remote technologies, such as long-distance videoconferencing, to deliver mental health services without the therapist being physically present.

48
Q

the four D’s

A

deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger

49
Q

therapy

A

A systematic process for helping people overcome their psychological problems. Therapy consists of a client (patient), a trained therapist, and a series of contacts between them.

50
Q

three essential features of therapy

A
  1. A sufferer who seeks relief from the healer.
  2. A trained, socially accepted healer, whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer and the sufferer’s social group.
  3. A series of contacts between the healer and the sufferer, through which the healer tries to produce certain changes in the sufferer’s emotional state, attitudes, and behavior.
51
Q

treatment

A

A systematic procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior

52
Q

trephination

A

An ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull to treat abnormal behavior.

53
Q

The scientific study of abnormal behavior undertaken to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning.

A

abnormal psychology

54
Q

A research method in which the experimenter produces abnormal-like behavior in laboratory participants and then conducts experiments on the participants.

A

analog experiment

55
Q

A type of institution that first became popular in the sixteenth century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most asylums became virtual prisons.

A

asylum

56
Q

A detailed account of a person’s life and psychological problems.

A

case study

57
Q

In an experiment, a variable other than the independent variable that is also acting on the dependent variable.

A

confound

58
Q

In an experiment, a group of participants who are not exposed to the independent variable.

A

control group

59
Q

The degree to which events or characteristics vary along with each other.

A

correlation

60
Q

A research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other.

A

correlational method

61
Q

A people’s common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and arts.

A

culture

62
Q

Behavior that poses a threat to a person or the people around them.

A

danger

63
Q

The practice, begun in the 1960s, of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals.

A

deinstitutionalization

64
Q

The variable in an experiment that is expected to change as the independent variable is manipulated.

A

dependent variable

65
Q

Variance from common patterns of behavior.

A

deviance

66
Q

Behavior that is unpleasant and upsetting to the person.

A

distress

67
Q

Behavior that is interfering with the person’s ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way

A

dysfunction

68
Q

A study that measures the incidence and prevalence of a problem, such as a disorder, in a given population.

A

epidemiological study

69
Q

A research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the effect of that manipulation on another variable is observed.

A

experiment

70
Q

In an experiment, the participants who are exposed to the independent variable under investigation.

A

experimental group

71
Q

According to the Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning.

A

humors

72
Q

A hunch or prediction that certain variables are related in certain ways.

A

hypothesis

73
Q

The number of new cases of a disorder occurring in a population over a specific period of time.

A

incidence

74
Q

The variable in an experiment that is manipulated to determine whether it has an effect on another variable.

A

independent variable

75
Q

The requirement that researchers provide sufficient information to participants about the purpose, procedure, risks, and benefits of a study.

A

informed consent

76
Q

An ethics committee in a research facility that is empowered to protect the rights and safety of human research participants.

A

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

77
Q

A study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of time

A

longitudinal study

78
Q

Health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature, scope, and cost of medical or psychological services.

A

managed care program

79
Q

A feature of an experiment in which participants do not know whether they are in the experimental or the control condition. Previously called blind design.

A

masked design

80
Q

A research design that matches the experimental participants with control participants who are similar on key characteristics.

A

matched design

81
Q

A nineteenth-century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that emphasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment.

A

moral treatment

82
Q

The field that examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, and gender on behaviors and thoughts, and focuses on how such factors may influence the origin, nature, and treatment of abnormal behavior.

A

multicultural psychology

83
Q

An experiment in which nature, rather than an experimenter, manipulates an independent variable.

A

natural experiment

84
Q

A general understanding of the nature, causes, and treatments of abnormal functioning, in the form of laws or principles that apply across people.

A

nomothetic

85
Q

A society’s stated and unstated rules for proper conduct.

A

norms

86
Q

A pretend treatment that the participant in an experiment believes to be genuine.

A

placebo therapy

87
Q

The study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities.

A

positive psychology

88
Q

The total number of cases of a disorder occurring in a population over a specific period of time.

A

prevalence

89
Q

Interventions aimed at deterring mental disorders before they can develop

A

prevention

90
Q

An arrangement in which a person directly pays a therapist for counseling services.

A

private psychotherapy

91
Q

Either the theory or the treatment of abnormal mental functioning that emphasizes unconscious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology.

A

psychoanalysis

92
Q

The view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological.

A

psychogenic perspective

93
Q

Drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunction.

A

psychotropic medications

94
Q

A research design that fails to include key elements of a “pure” experiment and/or intermixes elements of both experimental and correlational studies.

A

quasi-expiremental design

95
Q

A selection procedure in an experiment that ensures that participants are randomly placed either in the control group or in the experimental group.

A

random assignment

96
Q

The process of systematically gathering and evaluating information, through careful observations, to understand a phenomenon.

A

scientific method

97
Q

The view that abnormal functioning has physical causes.

A

somatogenic perspective

98
Q

State-run public mental institutions in the United States.

A

state hospital

99
Q

The use of remote technologies, such as long-distance videoconferencing, to deliver mental health services without the therapist being physically present.

A

telemental health

100
Q

deviance, distress, dysfunction, danger

A

the four D’s

101
Q

A systematic process for helping people overcome their psychological problems consisting of a client (patient), a trained therapist, and a series of contacts between them.

A

therapy

102
Q
  1. A sufferer who seeks relief from the healer.
  2. A trained, socially accepted healer, whose expertise is accepted by the sufferer and the sufferer’s social group.
  3. A series of contacts between the healer and the sufferer, through which the healer tries to produce certain changes in the sufferer’s emotional state, attitudes, and behavior.
A

Frank’s three essential features of therapy

103
Q

A systematic procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior

A

treatment

104
Q

An ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull to treat abnormal behavior.

A

trephination

Clinical Psychology and Mental Health (6 decks)

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