Chapter 1: A view of life Flashcards
Biology
the study of living things
Living Environment
interaction between the living things in the environment and the non-living things in the environment
Atom
smallest unit of an element composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons
Molecule
union of two or more atoms of the same or different elements
Organelles
“little organs” structures found in cells that carry out the basic functions for the cell to live
Cell
the structural and functional unit of all living things
Unicellular organism
a cell that lives independently
Multicellular organism
similar cells combine to form an organism
Simple multicellular organism
volvox
Complex multicellular organism
human
Tissue
a group of cells with a common structure and function
Organ
composed of tissues functioning together for a specific task
Organ system
composed of several organs working together
Organism
an individual living thing
Population
organisms of the same species in a particular area
Community
interacting populations in a particular area
(only living things)
Ecosystem
a community plus the physical environment
Biosphere
regions of the Earth’s crust, waters and atmosphere inhabited by living things
Living things are______________and contain many complex chemical substances
highly organized
Living things are made up of_____________(unicellular, mulitcellular)
one or more cells
Living things use___________ (cellular respiration, photosynthesis)
energy
Living things have___________and limited size
definite
Living things_______
grow
Living things___________to changes in the environment
respond
Living things are able to__________(asexually, sexually)
reproduce
Groups of living things can_________
change
modifications that make organisms suited to their way of life
Adaptations
a species can serve as a common ancestor to several species, each adapted to a particular set of environmental conditions
Evolution
Charles Darwin’s theory that organisms become modified over time
Natural Selection
the things an organism does to stay alive
Life Processes
when an organism takes materials from its external environment and changes them into forms it can use
Nutrition
the taking in of food from the environment
Ingestion
the breakdown of complex food materials into simpler forms
Digestion
makes its own food
Autotroph
get its food from an animal or a plant
Heterotroph
the process by which organisms get energy from food
Cellular Respiration
the capacity to do work
Energy
the process by which an organism gets rid of waste products
Excretion
the movement of materials through an organism (ex, circulatory system- blood, RBC’s, WBC’s platelets, plasma)
Transport
when organisms combine simple substances chemically into more complex sentences
Synthesis
the process by which living organisms increase in size
Growth
all of the activities that help to maintain an organism’s homeostasis
Regulation
the process by which living things produce new organisms of their own kind
Reproduction
a single organism produces an exact replica of itself
Asexual
two parents combine genetic material to form offspring
Sexual
all chemical reactions occurring within a living organism fall under this process
Metabolism
an educated or possible explanation for the proposed question using indicative reasoning
Hypothesis
when a scientist uses creative thinking to combine isolated fats into a cohesive whole
Inductive reasoning
the part of the experiment where tests and trials are done to support or refute a hypothesis
Experimental group
the effects of one single factor
Variable
the variable the scientist changes
Independent Variable
what happens as a direct result of changing the independent variable
Dependent Variable
conditions that must remain the same between the experimental group and the control group
Control Variables
