Chapter 1: A View Of Life Flashcards
Biology
The study of life
Plasma Membrane
A protective covering that separates a cells from the surrounding external enviroment
5 Major Themes of Biology
- Biological Systems interact
- Structure and function are interrelated
- Information must be transmitted
- Life depends on a continuous input of energy
- Evolution
What are organisms comprised of?
Cells
What are the types of cells?
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic Cell
A variety of organelles enclosed by membranes, has a nucleus
Prokaryotic Cell
Simple beings with no nucleus, bacteria and archaea. PRO IS NO
Unicellular
Life forms that consist of one single cell
Multicellular
complex life forms that depend on coordinated functions of cells, billions and trillions of cells. The cells form tissues, organs, organ systems.
Organisms do what
Grow and develop
Growth
Involves an increase in size of individual cells of an organism.
Development
Includes all changes during an organisms life. Ex puberty
Organisms regulate what?
Their metabolic process
Metabolism
Chemical activity that takes place in an organism. These chemical reactions are essential to nutrition, growth, repair, and conversion of energy.
Homeostasis
maintaining a balanced, appropriate internal enviroment
Organisms respond to what
Stimuli
Stimuli
An organisms response to a physical or chemical change in their internal or external environment
Types of stimuli responses
Changes in color, temp, or sound
Organisms reproduce how
Asexually or Sexually
Asexual reproduction
One organism doubles its genes and splits into two, one set staying and the other set going with the offspring. Literal carbon copies.
Sexual reproduction
When a sperms fertilizes an egg. Mix of mother and fathers genes. Allows for variation in population
Populations do what in their environment?
Evolve and adapt
Adaptation
Inherited characteristics that enhance an organisms ability to survive in a particular environment.
Chemical level
Atoms join atoms to form molecules
Cellular level
Atoms and molecules come together to make cytoplasm and form organelles such as the nucleus
Tissue Level
Cells come together to form tissue
The scientific method steps
- Observation
- Question
- Hypothesis
- Prediction
- Experiment
- Conclusion
Observation
Looking at surrounding environment, finding something that catches the eye
Question
Why is it happening, what is it
Hypothesis
Possible explanation, educated guess. Statement not a question
Prediction
If___,then____. what you expect to happen
Experiment
test the theory. see if predictions happens, gather data that can be analyzed
Conclusion
What have I learned? Were predictions correct?
Two types of systematic thought processes
Deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Begins with supplied information and draws conclusions based upon it
Inductive reasoning
Begins with specific information and draws conclusion
Why do cells need a source of energy
To break down and utilize it
3 Domains of organisms
1.Domain Bacteria
2.Domain Archaea
3.Domain Eukarya
1 and 2 are prokaryotic and unicellular
3 is eukaryotic and can be either multi or uni cellular
The more complex an organism is….
The better and more efficiently it can handle change
Unicellular organisms can only reproduce how?
Asexually
Populations evolve and adapt how
Over an very long time and happens to a population not an individual
Genetic Mutation
A permanent change in the genes
Atom
The smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the characteristic properties of that element.
Molecule
a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction
The two controlled experiments
Experimental group, and control group
Experimental group
the group being tested
Control group
factors that remain constant throughout an experiment
What happens if a sample in an experiment is too small
It may not be accurate due to random factors
Why is avoiding bias so important
So there are no preconceived ideas of what could happen.
Experiments must be repeatable (t or f)
true
Genetic material in a Eukaryotic cell is stored where
In the Nucleus
Two types of controls in the control group
Positive and Negative Control
Why do scientists write down everything
So that they can publish it in order for other scientists to view it and possibly recreate it
Which reasoning is this example:
All birds have wings
A sparrow is a bird
A sparrow has wings
Deductive
Which reasoning is this example
Sparrows have wings and can fly
Robins, hawks, and eagles have wings and can fly
All birds have wings and can fly
Inductive
