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Biology 105 > Chapter 1: A View Of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 1: A View Of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biology

A

The study of life

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2
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

A protective covering that separates a cells from the surrounding external enviroment

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3
Q

5 Major Themes of Biology

A
  1. Biological Systems interact
  2. Structure and function are interrelated
  3. Information must be transmitted
  4. Life depends on a continuous input of energy
  5. Evolution
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4
Q

What are organisms comprised of?

A

Cells

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5
Q

What are the types of cells?

A

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

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6
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A

A variety of organelles enclosed by membranes, has a nucleus

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7
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A

Simple beings with no nucleus, bacteria and archaea. PRO IS NO

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8
Q

Unicellular

A

Life forms that consist of one single cell

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9
Q

Multicellular

A

complex life forms that depend on coordinated functions of cells, billions and trillions of cells. The cells form tissues, organs, organ systems.

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10
Q

Organisms do what

A

Grow and develop

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11
Q

Growth

A

Involves an increase in size of individual cells of an organism.

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12
Q

Development

A

Includes all changes during an organisms life. Ex puberty

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13
Q

Organisms regulate what?

A

Their metabolic process

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14
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical activity that takes place in an organism. These chemical reactions are essential to nutrition, growth, repair, and conversion of energy.

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15
Q

Homeostasis

A

maintaining a balanced, appropriate internal enviroment

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16
Q

Organisms respond to what

A

Stimuli

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17
Q

Stimuli

A

An organisms response to a physical or chemical change in their internal or external environment

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18
Q

Types of stimuli responses

A

Changes in color, temp, or sound

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19
Q

Organisms reproduce how

A

Asexually or Sexually

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20
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

One organism doubles its genes and splits into two, one set staying and the other set going with the offspring. Literal carbon copies.

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21
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

When a sperms fertilizes an egg. Mix of mother and fathers genes. Allows for variation in population

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22
Q

Populations do what in their environment?

A

Evolve and adapt

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23
Q

Adaptation

A

Inherited characteristics that enhance an organisms ability to survive in a particular environment.

24
Q

Chemical level

A

Atoms join atoms to form molecules

25
Q

Cellular level

A

Atoms and molecules come together to make cytoplasm and form organelles such as the nucleus

26
Q

Tissue Level

A

Cells come together to form tissue

27
Q

The scientific method steps

A
  1. Observation
  2. Question
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Prediction
  5. Experiment
  6. Conclusion
28
Q

Observation

A

Looking at surrounding environment, finding something that catches the eye

29
Q

Question

A

Why is it happening, what is it

30
Q

Hypothesis

A

Possible explanation, educated guess. Statement not a question

31
Q

Prediction

A

If___,then____. what you expect to happen

32
Q

Experiment

A

test the theory. see if predictions happens, gather data that can be analyzed

33
Q

Conclusion

A

What have I learned? Were predictions correct?

34
Q

Two types of systematic thought processes

A

Deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning

35
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

Begins with supplied information and draws conclusions based upon it

36
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Begins with specific information and draws conclusion

37
Q

Why do cells need a source of energy

A

To break down and utilize it

38
Q

3 Domains of organisms

A

1.Domain Bacteria
2.Domain Archaea
3.Domain Eukarya
1 and 2 are prokaryotic and unicellular
3 is eukaryotic and can be either multi or uni cellular

39
Q

The more complex an organism is….

A

The better and more efficiently it can handle change

40
Q

Unicellular organisms can only reproduce how?

A

Asexually

41
Q

Populations evolve and adapt how

A

Over an very long time and happens to a population not an individual

42
Q

Genetic Mutation

A

A permanent change in the genes

43
Q

Atom

A

The smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the characteristic properties of that element.

44
Q

Molecule

A

a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction

45
Q

The two controlled experiments

A

Experimental group, and control group

46
Q

Experimental group

A

the group being tested

47
Q

Control group

A

factors that remain constant throughout an experiment

48
Q

What happens if a sample in an experiment is too small

A

It may not be accurate due to random factors

49
Q

Why is avoiding bias so important

A

So there are no preconceived ideas of what could happen.

50
Q

Experiments must be repeatable (t or f)

A

true

51
Q

Genetic material in a Eukaryotic cell is stored where

A

In the Nucleus

52
Q

Two types of controls in the control group

A

Positive and Negative Control

53
Q

Why do scientists write down everything

A

So that they can publish it in order for other scientists to view it and possibly recreate it

54
Q

Which reasoning is this example:
All birds have wings
A sparrow is a bird
A sparrow has wings

A

Deductive

55
Q

Which reasoning is this example
Sparrows have wings and can fly
Robins, hawks, and eagles have wings and can fly
All birds have wings and can fly

A

Inductive

Biology 105 (2 decks)

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