chapter 1: a first look at anatomy

Question 1

the study of structure

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

the scientific discipline that studies the functions of body structures

Answer 2

physiology

Question 3

examines structures that cannot be viewed by the unaided eye

Answer 3

microscopic anatomy

Question 4

investigates the structure and relationships of large body parts that are visible to the unaided eye

Answer 4

gross anatomy // macroscopic anatomy

Question 5

study of single body cells and their internal structures

Answer 5

cytology

Question 6

the study of tissues

Answer 6

histology

Question 7

examines the similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species

Answer 7

comparative anatomy

Question 8

investigates the changes in structure within an individual from conception thru maturity

Answer 8

developmental anatomy

Question 9

concerned specifically w developmental changes prior to birth

Answer 9

embryology

Question 10

examines all the structures in a particular region in the body as one complete unit

Answer 10

regional anatomy

Question 11

examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them

Answer 11

surface anatomy

Question 12

studies gross anatomy of each system in the body

Answer 12

systemic anatomy

Question 13

examines all anatomic change resulting from disease

Answer 13

pathologic anatomy

Question 14

studies the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific medical imaging procedures

Answer 14

radiographic anatomy

Question 15

investigates the anatomic landmarks used before and after surgery

Answer 15

surgical anatomy

Question 16

simplest level that involves atoms and molecules

Answer 16

chemical level

Question 17

the smallest units of matter

Answer 17

atoms

Question 18

when 2 or more atoms combine they form a ____

Answer 18

molecule

Question 19

serve as basic units of structure and function in organisms

Answer 19

cells

Question 20

level in which similar cells w common function form

Answer 20

tissue level

Question 21

precise organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions

Answer 21

tissues

Question 22

different tissue types combine to form an organ at this level

Answer 22

organ level

Question 23

level that consists of related organs that work together

Answer 23

organ system level

Question 24

highest level of structural organization in the body

Answer 24

organismal level

Question 25

a regulatory system that controls body movement, responds to sensory stimuli, and helps control all other systems of the body

Answer 25

nervous system

Question 26

consists of the glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which regulate body and cellular growth, chem levels in the body, and reproductive functions

Answer 26

endocrine system

Question 27

consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels

Answer 27

cardiovascular system

Question 28

transports and filters lymph and initiates an immune response when necessary

Answer 28

lymphatic system

Question 29

responsible for exchange of gases between blood and air in lungs

Answer 29

respiratory system

Question 30

mechanically and chemically digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products

Answer 30

digestive system

Question 31

filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, expels urine from the body

Answer 31

urinary system

Question 32

produces male sex cells and male hormones, transfers sperm to female

Answer 32

male reproductive system

Question 33

produces female sex cells and female hormones, receives sperm from male, site of fertilization of oocyte, site of growth and development of embryo and fetus

Answer 33

female reproductive system

Question 34

organization, metabolism, growth/development, responsiveness, adaptation, regulation, reproduction

Answer 34

characteristics common to all organisms

Question 35

provides protection, regulates body temp, site of cutaneous receptors, synthesizes vit D, prevents water loss

Answer 35

integumentary system

Question 36

provides support and protection, site of hemopoiesis, stores calcium and phosphorus, provides sites for muscle attachments

Answer 36

skeletal system

Question 37

produces body movement, generates heat when muscles contract

Answer 37

muscular system

Question 38

position where individual stands upright w feet parallel and flat on floor

Answer 38

anatomical position

Question 39

vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts

Answer 39

coronal plane

Question 40

cuts perpendicularly along long axis of body or organ

Answer 40

transverse plane / cross sectional plane / horizontal plane

Question 41

extends through body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves

Answer 41

midsagittal plane / median plane

Question 42

plane that is parallel to midsagittal plane but either to the left or right

Answer 42

sagittal plane

Question 43

in front of; toward front surface

Answer 43

anterior

Question 44

in back of; toward back surface

Answer 44

posterior

Question 45

at back side of human body

Answer 45

dorsal

Question 46

at belly side of human body

Answer 46

ventral

Question 47

closer to the head

Answer 47

superior

Question 48

closer to feet

Answer 48

inferior

Question 49

at rear or tail end

Answer 49

caudal

Question 50

at head end

Answer 50

cranial

Question 51

toward nose

Answer 51

rostral

Question 52

toward midline of body

Answer 52

medial

Question 53

away from midline of body

Answer 53

lateral

Question 54

on same side

Answer 54

ipsilateral

Question 55

on opposite side

Answer 55

contalateral

Question 56

on the inside

Answer 56

deep / internal

Question 57

on the outside

Answer 57

superficial / external

Question 58

closest to point of attachment to trunk

Answer 58

proximal

Question 59

furthest from point of attachment to trunk

Answer 59

distal

Question 60

region that includes head, neck, trunk

Answer 60

axial region

Question 61

region that includes limbs

Answer 61

appendicular region

Question 62

cephalic

Answer 62

head

Question 63

frontal

Answer 63

forehead

Question 64

orbital

Answer 64

eye

Question 65

nasal

Answer 65

nose

Question 66

oral

Answer 66

mouth

Question 67

cervical

Answer 67

neck

Question 68

buccal

Answer 68

cheek

Question 69

mental

Answer 69

chin

Question 70

deltoid

Answer 70

shoulder

Question 71

axillary

Answer 71

armpit

Question 72

sternal

Answer 72

sternum

Question 73

pectoral

Answer 73

chest

Question 74

mammary

Answer 74

breast

Question 75

brachial

Answer 75

arm

Question 76

antecubital

Answer 76

front of elbow

Question 77

antebrachial

Answer 77

forearm

Question 78

coxal

Answer 78

hip

Question 79

carpal

Answer 79

wrist

Question 80

palmar

Answer 80

palm

Question 81

digital

Answer 81

finger

Question 82

femoral

Answer 82

thigh

Question 83

patellar

Answer 83

kneecap

Question 84

crural

Answer 84

leg

Question 85

pes

Answer 85

foot

Question 86

tarsal

Answer 86

ankle

Question 87

olecranal

Answer 87

elbow

Question 88

gluteal

Answer 88

butt

Question 89

popliteal

Answer 89

back of knee

Question 90

sural

Answer 90

calf

Question 91

calcaneal

Answer 91

heel

Question 92

plantar

Answer 92

sole of foot

Question 93

auricular

Answer 93

ear

Question 94

occipital

Answer 94

back of head

Question 95

tibial

Answer 95

medial aspect of leg

Question 96

ulnar

Answer 96

medial aspect of forearm

Question 97

cavity formed by cranium, houses brain

Answer 97

cranial cavity

Question 98

formed by individual bones of vertebral column, contains spinal cord

Answer 98

vertebral canal

Question 99

arises from a space called coelom that forms during embryonic development

Answer 99

ventral cavity

Question 100

covers external surface of organs

Answer 100

visceral layer

Question 101

2 layered serous membrane that encloses heart

Answer 101

pericardium

Question 102

median space in the thoracic cavity

Answer 102

mediastinum

Question 103

outermost layer that forms sac around heart

Answer 103

parietal pericardium

Question 104

forms hearts external surface

Answer 104

visceral pericardium

Question 105

potential space between parietal and visceral pericardia

Answer 105

pericardial cavity

Question 106

narrow, moist potential space between parietal and visceral layers

Answer 106

pleural cavity

Question 107

superior to an imaginary line drawn between superior aspects of the hip bones

Answer 107

abdominal cavity

Question 108

inferior to an imaginary line drawn between superior aspects of the hip bones

Answer 108

pelvic cavity

Question 109

a moist 2 layered serous membrane that lines abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 109

peritoneum

Question 110

the superior region in the middle column contains part of liver, part of stomach, duodenum, part of pancreas, both adrenal glands

Answer 110

epigastric region

Question 111

middle region in middle column contains transverse colon, part of small intestine, branches of blood vessels to lower limbs

Answer 111

umbilical region

Question 112

inferior region in middle column contains part of small intestine, urinary bladder, sigmoid colon of the large intestine

Answer 112

hypogastric region

Question 113

superior regions lateral to the epigastric region

Answer 113

right and left hypochondriac regions

Question 114

middle regions lateral to umbilical region

Answer 114

right and left lumbar regions

Question 115

inferior regions lateral to hypogastric region

Answer 115

right and left iliac regions

Question 116

diagnostic method that involves listening to sounds produced by various body structures

Answer 116

auscultation

Question 117

using hands to detect organs, masses, or infiltration of a body part during exam

Answer 117

palpation