Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Periodontics > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of oral mucosa and where are they found

A
  • masticatory mucosa: gingiva, hard palate
  • lining mucosa: alveolar mucosa, floor of the mouth
  • specialized mucosa: dorsal of tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 2 landmarks of masticatory mucosa

A
  • coronal: gingival margin

- apical: mucogingival junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 3 parts of the gingiva

A
  • free (marginal) gingiva
  • interdental gingiva
  • attached gingiva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is free gingiva

A
  • surrounds the neck of the tooth
  • coronal: gingival margin
  • apical: free gingival groove
  • smooth surface: lightly stippled
  • entry into gingival crevice/sulcus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the gingival crevice

A
  • space between tooth and gingiva
  • coronal: gingival margin
  • lateral: tooth and epithelium
  • apical: junctional epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is gingival crevicular fluid

A
  • found in the sulcus
  • fluid from blood vessels
  • fluid resembles serum
  • flow dependent on inflammation
  • how much in there depends on what is present for bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is attached gingiva

A
  • begins at the free gingival groove
  • apical: MGJ
  • width varies
  • not movable tissue
  • stippling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how can you find the total width of gingiva

A
  • free gingiva + attached gingiva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can you find the zone of attached gingiva (ZAG)

A
  • free gingiva + attached gingiva - probing depth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is interdental papillae

A
  • extension of free gingiva
  • shape:
  • pyramidal: anterior
  • more flat: posterior
  • COL: concave, less keratinization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is alveolar mucosa

A
  • coronal: MGJ
  • thin, red
  • no stippling
  • moveable: elastic fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are frenums

A
  • folds of alveolar mucosa
  • attach lips and cheeks to mx/mn alveolar mucosa
  • 7 in total
  • originate and end in alveolar mucosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the components of gingiva

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • avascular, no nerves
  • keratinized to protect from abrasion and keep hydrated from dehydration of glycolipids produced in the stratum granulosum (ie masticatory mucosa)
  • non keratinized surfaces must be kept moist by bodily secretions to prevent them from drying out (ie lining mucosa of oral cavity, inside portions of the lips)
  • connective tissue (lamina propria), vascular, nerves, underneath
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what 3 structures is the gingival epithelium divided into

A
  • oral epithelium: visible in smiling
  • sulcular epithelium: in sulcus
  • junctional epithelium: base of sulcus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why does the gingival epithelium appear stippling

A
  • fingerlike projections termed connective tissue papillae extend into the depression on the undersurface of the epithelium. this produces the characteristic stippled appearance of the attached gingiva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 4 layers of stratified squamous

A
  1. basal layer (stratum germinativum)
  2. prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum)
  3. granular cell layer( stratum granulosum)
  4. keratinized cell layer (stratum corneum)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the process of keratinization/cell renewal

A
  • differentiation of cells
  • start at basal layer - cell division
  • cell becomes keratinocyte in prickle layer
  • keratin produced as it reached s. corneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is keratin

A
  • protein
  • mechanical toughness
  • keratinocytes slowly shed once reach outer epithelial surface
  • process continues and speed depends on trauma to tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the layers of stratified squamous epithelium from coronal to apical

A
  • stratum corneum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum spinosum
  • basal layer
  • all of these make up the oral epithelium*
  • alveolar bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is parakeratinized

A
  • mouth, masticatory mucosa
  • basal, prickle, granular, keratinized area on top
  • no stratum corneum as cells maintain nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what type of cells make up oral epithelium

A
  • keratinized and/or parakeratinized stratus squamous (10 day turnover on cells)
  • keratinocytes (make up majority of cells)
  • melanocytes (in basal layer associated with nerve endings/sensory)
  • langerhans (in stratum spinosum - defense)
  • merkel - (in basal layer associated with nerve endings/sensory)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the purpose of the cells in the oral epithelium

A
  • protective purpose: mechanical toughness

- cell renewal: 10 day turnover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is sulcular epithelium

A
  • lines the sulcus
  • thin, non to para keratinized
  • much less than oral epithelium
  • coronal: crest of gingival margin
  • apical: coronal junctional epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is junctional epithelium

A
  • thin, non keratinized
  • continuous with sulcular epithelium
  • attaches gingiva to tooth
  • role in periodontal disease
  • coronal: apical portion of sulcular epithelium
  • apical: CEJ (in health) is just below
  • semipermeable membrane: wide intercellular spaces; allow passage of fluids, bacteria (toxins); more permeable toward sulcular epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what cells are found in the junctional epithelium

A
  • neutrophils (PMN)
  • in sulcus, pass through the junctional epithelium
  • defense mechanism
  • lateral: tooth or lamina propria (connective tissue)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how do we calculate CAL when the gingival margin is above the CEJ

A
  • pocket depth - the gingival margin to CEJ measurement = CAL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how do we calculate CAL when the gingival margin is at the CEJ

A
  • probing depth = CAL
28
Q

how do we calculate CAL when the gingival margin is below the CEJ (recession)

A
  • recession + pocket depth = CAL
29
Q

how long does it take for the cells at the junctional epithelium to regenerate

A
  • 4-7 days (cells regenerate fastest)
30
Q

how long does it take for the cells of the oral epithelium and sulcular epithelium to regenerate

A
  • 10 days
31
Q

how long does it take for the cells of the palate, tongue and cheek to regenerate

A
  • 5-6 days
32
Q

what is alveolar mucosa epithelium like

A
  • non-keratinized
  • very elastic
  • very vascular
33
Q

what are the different types of gingival fibres

A
  • circular (only found in free gingiva)
  • dentogingival (most important)
  • dentoperiosteal
  • transseptal
  • alveologingival - gingiva to bone
34
Q

what is the overall function of gingival fibres

A
  • to give contour and firm connection to tooth and bone
35
Q

see slide 68

A

see slide 68

36
Q

what does the lamina propria consist of

A
  • cells, vessels, nerves

- collagen fibers (60%)

37
Q

what produces ground substance in the lamina propria

A
  • fibroblasts including collagen and collagenase, which helps break down the periodontium
38
Q

what cells make up the lamina propria

A
  • fibroblasts, mast cells, PMNs

- macrophages (pacmans), lymphocytes, plasma cells

39
Q

how are epithelial cells held together

A
  • desmosomes: holds the cells together like glue guns
  • intercellular bridges between epithelial cells (holds epithelial cells together)
  • allows some passage of materials (semi permeable)
40
Q

why does the base of the sulcus (junctional epithelium) have 4x few desmosomes

A
  • this creates a more permeable tissue - this is so that all the fighting micro-organisms can pass back up into the sulcus from below to fight bacteria and help heal
41
Q

the basal lamina is a combination of what two layers

A
  • the basal densa and basal lucida
42
Q

what is a hemidesmosome

A
  • half a desmosome

- basal lamina = (lamina lucida and lamina densa)

43
Q

what are anchoring fibrils

A
  • on connective tissue side of epithelial cells

- anchor epithelial cells to connective tissue

44
Q

what is the dentogingival unit

A
  • JE + gingival fibrils

- (JE is the epithelial attachment and the gingival fibres are the connective tissue attachment/cementum)

45
Q

what is biological width

A
  • JE + gingival fibers at the base of the sulcus

- combined length of the unit; must be at least 2.04 mm to put a crown on the tooth

46
Q

how do we get a combined length of 2.04 mm

A
  • connective tissue attachment 1.07 mm + junctional epithelium 0.97 mm = 2.04 mm total (call it 2mm)
47
Q

see slide 80

A

see slide 80

48
Q

what is biological width

A
  • the space between the junctional epithelium (base of the sulcus) to the alveolar bone
49
Q

what can occur when the biological width is disturbed

A
  • bone loss or inflammation
50
Q

what is the attachment apparatus

A
  • PDL
  • cementum
  • alveolar bone
51
Q

what do fibroblasts make in the PDL

A
  • collagen
52
Q

what do cementoblasts make in the PDL

A
  • cementum, located on the cementum side
53
Q

what do osteoblasts make in the PDL

A
  • bone, located on the bone side
54
Q

what is the width of the periodontal ligament

A
  • 0.25 mm
55
Q

what are sharper’s fibers

A
  • embedded into the cementum and bone on any ligament that goes from bone to cementum
56
Q

what are the 5 types of periodontal ligament fibers

A
  1. alveolar crest
  2. horizontal
  3. oblique
  4. apical
  5. interradicular
57
Q

what are the 6 main functions of the periodontal ligament fibers

A
  • suspensory
  • shock absorber
  • remodelling
  • blood supply
  • tactile pressure - sensory - pain/pressure
  • proprioceptive (sense of position)
58
Q

what is the function of cementum

A
  • connective tissue

- attaches the principal fibers to the tooth

59
Q

what are the 2 types of cementum

A
  • acellular: forms before the tooth erupts, contains no cells, coronal two thirds, thinnest at the CEJ
  • cellular: apical one third, formed faster than acellular, lay down additional cementum, maintain vertical dimension of root due to attrition
60
Q

features of cementum

A
  • cellular is deposited continuously
  • avascular
  • does not resorb like bone
  • hypercementosis
61
Q

what are the 2 parts of the alveolar process

A
  1. alveolar bone proper

2. supporting bone

62
Q

what is the alveolar bone proper

A
  • also called the cribriform plate (lines the socket)
  • hard cortical bone
  • lamina dura (radiographically)
  • bundle bone is inner surface which receives sharper’s fibers
63
Q

what is the supporting bone

A
  • either compact cortical plates (covers the alveolar process = buccal and lingual plates) or spongy/cancellous/trabecular bone (between buccal and lingual plates)
64
Q

what is the alveolar crest

A
  • cortical plates fuse
  • no spongy bone
  • shape continuous with interdental space
  • usually 2 mm below the CEJ in health
65
Q

what is the shape of the alveolar bone crest influenced by

A
  • width of the interdental space
  • stage of eruption
  • position of the teeth in the arch
  • shape of the cementoenamel junction
66
Q

how is blood supplied to the periodontium

A
  • vessels of the periosteum (supraperiosteal)
  • periodontal ligament
  • alveolar bone
67
Q

how does the periodontium change with aging

A
  • thinning gingiva
  • reduced keratin
  • cementum increases
  • bone drifting - mesial
  • attrition

Periodontics (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions